牛津英語8A全套教案

Chaper 1

A letter from a pen-friend 一封筆友的來信

一 單詞彙總

chapter n. 章節

below pep．在……下面

rugby n．英式橄欖球運動

hockey n．曲棍球

badminton n．羽毛球運動

title n．標題

signature n．署名，簽名

top-right adj．右上角的

greeting n．問候

foot n．英尺

hobby n．興趣，業餘愛好

chess n．國際象棋

own v. 擁有

be keen on 喜愛

physics n．物理學

ambition n．雄心，野心

enclose v．附上

dictionary n．字典，詞典

steak n．牛排

punch n. 伴汁酒

all in 精疲力竭的

trainer n. （無釘的）軟運動鞋

idle adj. 懶惰的

inaudible adj. 聽不見的

shut v. 關上，關閉

full name 全名

inch n. 英寸

geography n. 地理

probably adv. 可能，大概，也許

meal n. 餐，飯食

university n.大學

leave school （畢業）離校

birth n. 出生

European n. 歐洲人

actress n. 女演員

recently adv. 近來

clearly adv. 清楚地

couple n. 夫婦

adopt v. 收養

omen n．預兆

destined adj．註定

embassy n．大使館

二 重點難點解析

1. Now my parents own a Chinese restaurant．現在我的父母擁有一家中國餐館。

1）own作動詞時，意爲“擁有，所有”。例：She owns a car but rarely drives it．她有一輛車，但很少開。

2）own作形容詞或代詞時，意爲“自己的”，其前必須要有名詞所有格或形容詞性物主代詞。例：

This is Jack's own room．這是傑克自己的房間。

I saw it with my own eyes．這是我親眼所見。

3）owner名詞“主人，物主”。例：The owner of the restaurant is an oversea Chinese.飯店的主人是位海外華人。

2. 1 have a brother called Edwin．我有一個名叫埃德溫的哥哥。

① called Edwin爲v-ed分詞短語，作定語時通常後置。例：

I've bought a video camera made in Japan．我買了一部日本產的攝像機。

②called意爲“稱呼，名叫”，與它意思相同的還有：named, with the name of.

3. He works as an architect．他擔任建築師的工作。

☆as在句中作介詞，意爲“以……身份，作爲”。例：He was famous as a singer．作爲一位歌手他很著名。

☆architect n．建築師 architecture n．建築學

4. 1 enclose…隨信附上…… 隨信寄照片、資料等，都可以用這一表達方法。例：

My brother enclosed a photo of my niece in his letter.我哥哥隨信附上一張我侄女的照片。

5. How many brothers and sisters has he got? 他有多少兄弟姐妹？

☆動詞have/have got意義相同，但have got用法在疑問句和答語中略有不同。 Have you got three lessons every day? Yes, I have. /No, I haven't．你每天上三節課嗎？是的，上三節課。／不，沒有。（在have got結構中，have爲助動詞，可構成疑問句和否定句。）Do you have three lessons every day? Yes, I do. /No, I don't．你每天上三節課嗎？是的，上三節課。／不，沒有。(have用作行爲動詞時，需加助動詞do構成疑問句和否定句。）

三 重點語段翻譯

A letter from a pen-friend

Dear May

Hi！I saw your name and address in‘Pen-friends’magazine，and I would like to be your pen-

friend ．First, I will tell you some things about myself. My name is Sidney Li Pei-chun．I'm fourteen years old ．I'm about five feet tall ．I have short black hair and brown eyes ．My favourite hobby is playing computer games ．I also enjoy playing chess .

I live with my parents．They came to England about 30 years ago．They came from Hong Kong, but I have never been there ．Now my parents own a Chinese restaurant in Newcastle ．We live in a small house near our restaurant ．I was born in Newcastle in 1986 ．I can speak Chinese，but I cannot write it very well ．I have a brother called Edwin ．He is 23 ．He works as an architect, in London．

I'm in Form One at Walker School．It is near my house，and so I can walk to school．I like my

school because the teachers are very friendly．My school has many sports fields ．I am keen on sports ．I enjoy playing rugby and badminton in the winter , and tennis in the summer. My best subject at school is physics ．My ambition is to be an engineer.

I enclose a photo of myself and some school friends．I am in the middle．I hope you will write to me soon，May，and tell me all about yourself.

Best wishes

Sidney

一封筆友的來信

親愛的梅

嗨！我是在《筆友》這本雜誌上看見你的名字和地址的，我想成爲你的筆友。首先，我將告訴你關於我自己的一些事情。我叫悉尼，李佩春。我十四歲。大約五英尺高。我有黑色的短髮，棕色的眼睛。我最大的愛好就是玩電腦遊戲。我還喜歡下國際象棋。

我和父母生活在一起。他們大約在三十年前來到英國。他們來自香港，但我從未去過那兒。現在我父母在紐卡斯爾有一家中國餐館。我們住在餐館附近的一所小房子裏。我於1986年生於紐卡斯爾。我會講漢語，但不太會寫。我有一個名叫埃德溫的哥哥。他23歲了。在倫敦擔任建築師的工作。

我在Walker學校讀一年級。它就在我家附近，所以我可以步行去上學。我喜歡我的學校因爲老師們都很友好。我的學校有很多運動場地。我很喜歡運動。冬天我喜歡玩橄欖球和羽毛球，夏天我喜歡打網球。在學校我最喜歡的科目是物理。我的理想是作一名工程師。

隨信附上一張我和學校一些朋友的照片。我在中間，我希望你能儘快給我回信，梅，告訴我有關你的全部。

致以良好的祝願

悉尼

四 語法講解

1．特殊疑問句

(1)常見的特殊疑問詞有： What（事情），Where（地點），When（時間），Which（選擇人或事），Who（人），

How（方式），How old（年齡），How far（距離），How many（數量），How much（數量／價格），How big（大小），How long（時間或距離長短），etc .

(2)特殊疑問句結構

1)疑問詞＋一般疑問句How do people get drinking water?

2）對主語或主語部分提問時，結構是：疑問詞＋謂語部分Who helps to keep the environment clean?

2．不定冠詞a/an

“a”用在以輔音音素開始的單詞前，如：a beautiful girl, a useful book等；而“an”則用於以元音音素開始的單詞前，如：an hour, an umbrella,

Chapter 2

A day in the life of…whiz一kid Wendy神童溫迪的一天

一 單詞彙總

subtitle n．副標題

similar adj．相似的，類似的

expect v.期待

successful adj．成功的

whiz-kid． 神童

business n．生意，公司

luckily adv．幸運地

manager n．經理

responsible adj．有責任的

be responsible for 對……負責

sale v.賣，銷售

accountant n．會計

boring adj．乏味的

simple adj．簡單的，容易的

achieve v.得到，實現

grade n．分數

fail v. 失敗，不及格

exam n．考試

collect v. 接走

client a．顧客，主顧

return v．回，返回

attend v．參加，出席

assist v.幫助，支援

continue v. 繼續，延續

seldom adv．很少，不常，難得

duty n．責任

gain v. 得到，獲得

usual adj．通常的，平常的

guard n．警衛，保安

messenger n．送信者，報信者

construction n．建築，施工

daydream v. 作白日夢，空想

lose one's tempe 發脾氣

wish v. 想要某事物，希望

tell the truth 說實話

champion n．冠軍，優勝者

jogging n．慢跑

mathematics n．數學

P. E. n．體育（課）

二 重點難點解析

1. Wendy Wang must be one of the top students in Shanghai．溫迪王一定是上海的高材生之一。

*Must是情態動詞，在這裏表示猜測的意思，意爲“一定是”，通常只用於肯定句，在否定句或疑問句中用can表示猜測。例：It must be true．那一定是真的。Can it be true?那可能是真的嗎？

It can't be true．那不可能是真的。

*one of the top students = one of the best students高材生之一

"one of＋名詞複數”表示“……之一”

2. Now all of her family work in her business．現在所有她的家人都在她的公司工作。

☆family表示“家庭”或“家人”，是集合名詞，若視爲整體，動詞用單數，若逐個考慮其個體，則動詞用複數。例： My family is very large．我家是個大家庭。My family are all very well．我的家人都很好。

☆business n．生意businessman n．商人（男）businesswoman n．商人（女）

busy adj．忙的busily adv．忙地

3．辨析：put on穿上，wear穿着，dress穿着，打扮

☆put on強調穿衣的動作，賓語須是物；wear表示穿着衣服的狀態；dress既可指動作也可指狀態，但賓語須是人。例：You'd better put on your coat if you want to go out．如果想出去最好把衣服穿上。

He is wearing a new suit today．他今天穿了一套新的西裝。

She dresses her child every day．她每天都要給孩子穿衣服。

4. over half a million超過50萬

☆over作介詞，意爲“超過，多於”，相當於more than。例：

He was away over (more than) a month．他離開一個多月了。

5. I always go to school in my own car. 我總是坐我自己的車去上學。

in one's car = by car坐小汽車

6. 辨析：enough to，too…to，so…that

☆enough to 和 too…to 構成簡單句，so…that 構成複合句；enough to 和 so…that 表示肯定，too…to 和 so…that 表示否定。例：I am not old enough to drive.= I am too young to drive.= I am so young that I can’t drive. 我太小了，不能開車。

7. 辨析：attend， take part in， join

☆三者都有“參加”之意。attend 指參加、出席會議；take part in 多指參加活動；join 指加入組織、團體、黨派。例：My father attends a meeting every Thursday afternoon.我爸爸每週四下午要去開會。

You’d better take part in all the activities at school. 你最好參加學校的各項活動。

Do you want to join the League? 你想入團嗎？

8. On Friday we have Computer Club meetings. 每週五我們都參加電腦社會議。

☆have用作行爲動詞，常與一名詞連用表示與該名詞相當的動詞意義，如：have a meeting/a swim/a walk/ a lesson…開會/游泳/散步/上課……。 否定句和疑問句中要用助動詞do/does/did。例：-Do you often have a walk after supper? –Yes, I do./ No, I don’t.

9. I go to my office and continue working on my games. 然後我到辦公室繼續設計電腦遊戲。

☆ continue doing sth 繼續做某事。例：How can you continue writing in such dim light？這麼暗的光線你怎麼能繼續寫呢？

☆ work on 從事（某工作），例：

A day in the life of... whiz-kid Wendy

Wendy Wang，15，must be one of the top students in Shanghai ．She's already written several successful computer games．Now all of her family work in her business ．And she's still at school！

6 a. m.

I get up at six, wash and put on my school uniform．I have breakfast with my parents．We have a family business ．I started the business two”二ago ．I write computer games ．Luckily，they are very popular. We sell over half a million games every year．場father is the manager of the company，and my mother is responsible for sales ．My' brother is our accountant ．Every morning we discuss the business at breakfast ．Then I usually work on my computer for an hour

before school.、

7 ．30 a. m.

I always go to school in my own car. I am not old enough to drive，and so I have a driver. I sometimes make phone calls to clients on the way to school．

8 a. m.

I start school．I enjoy seeing my school friends，but some of the work is boring because it is too simple for me ．I usually achieve A grades in all my subjects，I never fail an exam.

12．30 p．m.

About twice a week my driver collects me from school．I go and have lunch with a client．Then I return to school．

4 ．15 p. m.

After school I usually attend a club．On Friday have Computer Club meetings．The other students often ask me to assist them ．On Mondays and Thursdays I play basketball．Once a week I have violin lessons．My driver always takes me home after school ．I finish my homework in an hour or two before dinner.｝

7p．m.

I always have dinner with my parents．We discuss our business．Then I go to my office and continue working on my games ．I seldom go to bed before 2 a. m ．I do not usually need much sleep.

神童溫迪的一天

溫迪王，巧歲，一定是上海的高材生之一。她已經編寫了幾個成功的電腦遊戲。現在所有她的家人都在她的公司工作。然而她還在上學！

上午6點

我六點起牀、洗臉、穿上校服，我和我的父母一起吃早餐。我們擁有一個家族公司。我於兩年前開辦了公司。我編寫電腦遊戲。幸運地是，它們很受歡迎。我們每年能銷售50多萬個遊戲。我的爸爸是公司的經理，媽媽負責梢售。我哥哥是會計。每天早上我們都邊吃早餐邊討論生意。然後我通常在上學前的一個小時用電腦

工作。

上午7點so分

我總是坐自己的車去上學。我太小了，不能開車，因此我有一個司機。有時候我在上學的路上給客戶打電話。

上午8點

我開始上課。我喜歡看見學校的朋友，但有些課程很無聊，因爲對我來說太簡單了。通常我所有的科目都會得A。我從來沒有考試不及格過。

下午12 ,: 30分

大約每週兩次我的司機會去學校接我。我去和一位客戶吃午飯。然後回學校。

下午4點15分

放學後我通常會參加社團。每週五我們都要參加電腦社會議。其他學生經常讓我幫助他們。每週一和週四我打籃球。我每週上一次小提琴課。我的司機總是在放學後接我回家。我在晚飯前用一到兩小時完成作業。

下午7點

我總是和父母一起吃晚餐。我們討論生意。然後我到辦公室繼續設計電腦遊戲。我很少在凌晨2點以前睡覺。我通常不需要大量的睡眠。

三 語法講解

1．一般現在時

一般現在時表示目前的狀態及經常發生或習慣性的動作，常與usually, often, sometimes, every day等狀語連用。也可用於表達一種客觀事實、習慣和作息時間表。

1)謂語用動詞原形；當主語爲第三人稱時，動詞後＋s/es.

I get up at six every morning

The sun rises in the east and sets in the west．

2)動詞第三人稱單數變化規則如下：

（1）一般動詞後＋s;

（2）以s/x/ch/sh結尾的動詞＋es. mixes/discusses/washes/teaches

（3）go/do十es，goes/does

（4）一些以y結尾的動詞如y前是輔音字母，則將Y改成i + es. studies/hurries/worries

（5）如y前是元音字母就加s. plays/stays

3)其否定句或疑問句是用助動詞do或does構成。

Do you have lunch at school? Yes，I do. /No, I don't．

Does he go to work on foot? Yes，he does．/No, he doesn't．

I don't go to school on Sundays．

She doesn't do her homework at home．

2.頻度副詞（always, usually, sometimes, seldom, often...）在句子中的位置

1)位於主要行爲動詞的前面。例： He often does his homework in the evening. (does是行爲動詞）

2)位於be 動詞的後面。例：She is always late for school.（is是be動詞）

3)位於助動詞和主要行爲動詞之間。例：I don't usually go to school by bus. (don't是助動，go是行爲動詞)

often來詢問動作所發生的頻率。

4.時間狀語（once一次 twice兩次 three times三次 four times四次 on Monday/every day， etc.）常位於句首或句末。

Chapter 3

Dealing with troubles 處理麻煩事

一 單詞彙總

dial v. 撥（電話號碼）

diary n．日記

argue v. 爭論，爭吵

deal with 對付，處理

argument n．爭論，爭吵

shout at 向……大聲嚷嚷

hold out 伸出，端出

crowd n．人羣

stare v．盯，凝視

go on 發生，進行

steal v．偷，竊取

postcard n．明信片

notice v. 察覺到，注意到

handbag n．手提包

follow v. 跟隨

ring v.（鍾、鈴等）鳴，響

aboard adv．在機上，在船上

wait v. 等候

hurry to 匆忙趕到

strange adj．奇怪的

report v．報告，彙報

robbery n．搶劫（案），盜竊（案）

railing n．欄杆

detail n．細節

as conj．當……時

handcuffs n．手拷

noisily adv .嘈雜地，喧鬧地

amusing adj．引人發笑的

unusual adj.不平常的，奇異的

law n．法律

realize v.認識到，瞭解

permission n．允許，許可

rob v.搶劫，盜取……的財物

in time 及時

pleased adj．高興的

definitely adv．確定地，清楚地

attack v.進攻，攻擊

baseball n．棒球

gun n．槍

arrest v.逮捕

smash v.粉碎，擊潰

daring adj．大膽的，勇敢的

take place 發生

gang n．一夥

towards prep．向，朝

reach v.到達

writer n．作家

scientist n．科學家

二 重點難點解析

1. No one knew what was happening．沒有人知道發生了什麼事。

這是一句由連接代詞what引導的賓語從句，連接詞要位於從句的前面，起連接主句和從句的作用，從句用陳述句語序。例：I wonder whose house that is．我想知道那是誰的房子。

2. What's going on？發生什麼事了？ 與它意思相同的表達還有：What's up? /What's happening?

3. Was my father afraid of that man? 我爸爸害怕那個人嗎？

1）be afraid of sb/sth害怕……。例：She is afraid of dogs．她怕狗。

2） be afraid that恐怕……。例：I'm afraid that I've broken your pen．恐怕我弄壞了你的鋼筆。

4. He quickly dialled 110．他迅速撥打110。

dial＋具體電話號碼= phone sb 給……打電話。

5. Three young men started talking to us．三個年輕人開始跟我們交談。

*start doing sth開始做……。例：It's autumn and leaves start falling．秋天到了，樹葉開始落下。

☆辮析：tell，speak，talk，say

tell告訴，常見的短語有：tell a lie說謊，tell sb to do sth告訴……做……；tell sb about sth告訴……關於……的情況，tell a story講故事。speak說，後面接語言，如：speak German說德語。talk to/with sb (about sth）與某人談論（有關……事）。say說，後面接內容。例：

She said he could speak very good English．她說他英語說得很好。

Tell him not to talk about the thing any longer。告訴他不要再談論這件事了。

6. Please meet the ferry．請去迎接渡船。

meet sb 意爲“迎接某人”。例： Will you meet her at the station？你到車站去接她嗎？

7. As we got off, we saw them．我們下船時看見他們了。

這是由as引導的時間狀語從句。表示“當……時”，主句和從句的動作同時發生。例：I thought of it just as you opened your mouth．就在你要說的時候，我也想到了。

policemen stood around the man，who was in handcuffs．6名警察站在一名戴手銬的男子周圍。

☆這是一句由who引導的非限制性定語從句。定語從句可分爲限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句是整個句子中不可缺少的一部分，去掉後會影響整個句子的意思，所以不用逗號和主句隔開；非限制性定語從句是整個句子中相對較爲獨立的一部分，缺少了也不會影響整個句子的意思，因此總是用逗號和主句隔開。例：

This is the best film that I have ever seen．這是我看過的最好的一部電影。

Last week I saw a very good film，which was about the-UFO．上週我看了一部非常好的電影，是關於飛碟的。

* be in handcuffs帶手銬。例：The man who is in handcuffs is my next-door neighbour.

帶手銬的男子是我的隔壁鄰居。

三重點語段翻譯

Dealing with trouble

Thursday，28 June

Today my father and I were waiting for the ferry ．People usually wait quietly，but this afternoon we heard a big argument ．Two women tourists were shouting at a big man ．He was shouting back at them ．He held out a bag, and showed everyone that it was empty．

The crowd stared at the three people ．No one knew what was happening．

My father moved through the crowd and said quietly to one of the women，"What's going on?"

"They stole my friend's purse five minutes ago, "said the woman．"We were down in the bookshop，buying postcards ．Three young men started talking to us ．At first they were very friendly. Then suddenly my friend noticed that her purse was not in her handbag. Two of the men ran away ．We followed this man here．"

Then the bell rang, the gates opened, and everyone started going down onto the ferry．The man hurried aboard，and the two tourists went after him．

"Wait, "said my father. "I don't want to go on that ferry．"

This was strange ．Was my father afraid of that man? I wanted to go and watch the action．

But he hurried to an ice-cream shop，“Can I use your phone?" he asked the shop assistant ．He quickly dialled 110．

"I want to report a robbery．The man is on the ferry now. It just left a few minutes ago．"He looked down through the railings．"It's the‘No.3’Ferry，"he said，"Please meet the ferry．"He gave some more details，and then put the phone down．

We took the next ferry．As we got off, we saw them．Six policemen stood around the man，who was in handcuffs ．The two women were talking to the police．

" Well done，Dad，I said as we walked by．“Good thinking!”

處理麻煩事

6月28日，星期四

今天我和爸爸正在等渡船。人們通常都是安靜地等，但是今天下午我們聽到很大的爭吵聲。兩個女遊客正對一個男人大聲嚷嚷。他也對她們喊。他翻出包，讓大家看那是空的。

人們都盯着這三個人。沒有人知道發生了什麼事。

我爸爸從人羣中走出來，輕輕地對其中一個女人說：“發生什麼事了？”

“五分鐘前他們偷了我朋友的錢包，”那個女人說。“我們正在逛書店，買明信片。三個年輕人開始跟我們交談。起初他們都非常友好。突然我的朋友注意到她的錢包不在手提包裏了。其中的兩個人逃跑了。我們跟着這個人一直到這兒。”

就在這時鈴響了，門開了，人們開始上船。那位男子匆匆上船，兩位遊客緊隨其後。

“等一下，”我爸爸說。“我不想上那艘船。”

這真是奇怪。我爸爸怕那個男人嗎？我想去看個究竟。

但是他匆忙趕到一家冰淇淋店。“我能用一下電話嗎？”他問店員。他迅速撥打110.

“我想報告一宗搶劫案。那個人正在船上。剛離開幾分鐘。”他穿過欄杆往下看。“是三號渡船，”他說。“請去接船。”他又說了一些細節，然後掛了電話。

我們坐了下一艘船。我們下船時看見他們了。6名警察站在一名戴手銬的男子周圍，那兩個女人正在和警察交談。

“爸爸，幹得好，”我們一邊走我一邊說。“好主意！”

四 語法講解

一般過去時

一般過去時表示過去發生的動作或情況（包括習慣性動作），常用yesterday, last, ago, once, one day, the other day, before 2003等表示過去的時間狀語連用。

1．用動詞的過去式表示。如：do-did is-was

2．動詞過去式的構成及ed的發音規律。

動詞過去式的構成：由動詞原形＋ed/d的這類叫規則動詞；另一類則爲不規則動詞，需記住它們的變化形式。濁輔音或元音因素＋ed發／d/；清輔音＋ed發／t/ ；以一ted/一ded結尾的，ed發/id/。

3．其否定句或疑問句需用助動詞did/didn't。如：One day I met a friend of mine in the street．

I didn't work more than ten hours a day．

He didn't come to school today．

Did you pass the exam?

五 寫作技巧----日記

日記常用來記述自己一天生活中所發生的事情，故多用過去時或現在完成時，有時若表達自己對未來的打算也用將來時。英文日記和中文的寫法大體相同，都是在寫正文之前依次寫明日期及天氣情況。

1．日期的寫法

September 10，2005，Sunday或Sunday September 10，2005

2．天氣的寫法

Fine/Clear/Sunny（晴），Rainy（有雨），Cloudy（多雲），Windy（有風），Snowy（有雪）等。

3．日記的格式

日期 天氣

正文

Chapter 4

Numbers：Everyone’s language 數字：每個人的語言

一 單詞彙總

decimal n．小數

protractor n．量角器

measure v. 量，測量

angle n．角度

odd adj．奇（數）的，單數的

compassses n．圈規

fraction n．分數

subtract v. 減，減去

multiply v. 乘，使相乘

divide v. 某數除某數，（某數）除以（某數）

percentage n．百分比，百分率

even adj. 偶數的

especially adv．特別，尤其

at least 至少

time n．時代，時期

consist of 由……組成或構成

invent v. 發明

invention n．發明

develop v. 發展

calculate v. 計算，估算

calculator n．計算器

calculation n. 計算，推算

abacus n．算盤

accurate adj．準確的

bead n．有孔之珠

represent v. 表示，代表

electronic adj．電子的

square root 平方根

powerful adi. 強大的，作用大的

lifetime n．一生

brain n．大腦

living adj．活的，有生命的

human n．人類

following adj．下列的，接着的

amazing adj．令人驚奇的

program v. 爲（計算機）設計程序

be made up of 由…組成

figure n．數字

cardinal n．基數詞

ordinal n．序數詞

decimal n．小數

copy v. 抄寫

wrongly adv．錯誤地

gift n．禮物

announcement n．宣告，通告

decision n．決定

fellow n．夥伴

graph n. 圖表

not at all 別客氣

二 重點難點解析

1 ．In ancient times，people wrote numbers in many different ways，as these pictures of the number 6 show．在古代，人們用各種各樣的方法記錄數字，就像這些圖片所表示的數字6一樣。

*in ancient times意爲“在古代”。例：Pepole used wood to cook in ancient times．古代人們用木柴做飯。

☆辮析：as，like兩者都有“像”的意思，但as是連詞後跟從句；like是介詞後跟名詞或代詞，例：

Do as I do，照我的樣子做。Do it like this．照這樣做。

2．This was a very important invention because it made it easier to write big numbers and calculate．

這是一項十分重要的發明，因爲它使書寫大數目和計算更容易。

☆because後爲原因狀語從句。

☆make it easier to do…使做……更容易。例：Today telephones make it easier to talk with each other.

當今電話使人們交談起來更容易。

3 ．Abacuses are so fast and accurate that people still use them today．

算盤計算很快並且很準確，因此人們至今仍在使用。

☆so…that引導的是結果狀語從句，表示結果，意爲“如此……以致”。結果狀語從句須裏於主句之後。例：

The sound was so weak that nobody could hear it．聲音如此小，沒人能聽見。

4 ．Use your own living computer to solve the problem above．用你自己的活電腦來解決上面的問題。

*a living computer一臺活電腦。例：The brain is called a living computer．大腦被稱作活電腦。

☆辮析：question，problem兩者均可表示“問題”o question多指對不懂的事情提出的問題，往往期待他人給予解答，常與answer連用；problem指客觀存在的並有待解決的難題，常與solve連用。例：

She couldn't answer the question．她未能回答這個問題。

We have some problems to solve．我們有些問題需要解決。

5 ．If it is not powerftil enough，you will find the answer on page 59.如果它不夠強大，你可以在59頁找到答案。

☆if後爲條件狀語從句，表示“如果……”，主句用一般將來時，從句要用一般現在時。例：

Will you come if he comes here? 如果他來，你會來嗎？

6. "0”的不同表達

zero/naught（nought) /nothing/nil

三 重點語段翻譯

Numbers：Everyone's language

How many languages do you know? Everyone knows at least two-his or her own language and the international language of numbers．

Ancient numbers．

In ancient times，people wrote numbers in many different ways，as these pictures of the number

6 show．However, they nearly all counted in the same way-一一in tens．

Zero

The system of numbers that nearly everyone uses today consists of the numbers from 1 to 9 and 0（zero)．With these ten numbers，we can write any number from the biggest to the smallest ．The Indians first invented and developed the 1 to 9 system of numbers ．They then invented the zero．This was a very important invention because it made it easier to write big numbers and to calculate．

Calculating machines

One of the first calculating machines was an abacus ．Abacuses are so fast and accurate that people still use them today ．On the abacus in the picture，the beads on the wires represent ones，tens，hundreds and thousands，starting from the bottom wire．

The picture on the right shows a modern electronic calculator. It can add，subtract，multiply and

divide ．It can also calculate percentages and square roots．

This picture shows a computer. Computers are very powerful calculating machines ．In a flash，a computer can do a calculation that you could not do in your whole lifetime．

Brain against computer

Some people call the brain a living computer ．Is a human brain a more powerful calculator than a

computer? The following story may give an answer：

Shakuntala Devi is a lady from India with an amazing brain ．She can calculate like lightning ．In

America，Shakuntala and a very powerful computer were given this problem to solve．

☆Find the number that, when it is multiplied 23 times by itself,

*er:9167486769200391580986609275853801624831066801443086 2240712651642793465704086709659327920576748080679002 2783016354924852380335745316935111903596577547340075 681688305620821016129132845546805780158806771

Shakuntala's brain took fifty seconds to find the answer. The computer took a minute．However, before the computer could begin calculating，someone had to program it with instructions，and that took many hours ．No one had to program Shakuntala！

Use your own living computer to solve the problem above ．If it is not powerful enough，you will find the answer on page 59．

數字：每個人的語言

你會多少種語言？每個人至少會兩種-他或她的母語和國際數字語言。

古代數字

在古代，人們用各種各樣的方法記錄數字，就像這些圖片所表示的數字6一樣。但是，他們幾乎都用一種方法數數-十進制。

零

當今幾乎每個人都在使用的數字系統由數字1到9和零組成。用這十個數字，我們可以寫出從最大到最小的任何一個數字。印度人最早發明並發展了1到9這個數字系統。他們接着又發明了零。這是一項重要的發明，因爲它使書寫大數目和計算更容易。

計算器

算盤是最早的計算器之一。算盤計茸很快並且很準確，因此人們至今仍在使用。圖片中的算盤，從下面開始，杆上的珠子依次代表個位、十位、百位、千位。

右邊的圖片展示的是一個現代的電子計算器。它能做加、減、乘、除各種運算。它還能算百分數和平方根。

這幅圖片展示的是計算機。計算機是非常強大的計算機器。在一瞬間，計算機所做的計算是你一生都做不完的。

大腦對電腦

有些人把大腦叫做活電腦。人的大腦是比電腦還更強大的計算器嗎？下面的故事將給出一個答案。

Shakuntala Devi是一個長着令人吃驚的大腦的印度妥人。側的計算很快。在美國，給Shakuntala和一臺很強大的電腦出了一道題。

找出某數的23次平方根，結果爲：

．9167486769200391580986609275853801624831066801443086

．2240712651642793465704086709659327920576748080679002

．2783016354924852380335745316935111903596577547340075

．681688305620821016129132845546805780158806771

Shakuntala的大腦花了50秒算出了答案。電腦花了1分鐘。然而，電腦在能夠計算之前，得有人用指令給它編程序，那要花費幾個小時。Shakuntala不需要人給她編程序。

用你自己的活電腦解決上面的問題。如果它不夠強大，你可以在59頁找到答案。

四語法講解

1．數字的不同表達

百分數：75 % seventy-five percent

溫度： 35 C thirty-five Celsius

基數詞：11 eleven

序數詞：12th twelfth

小數： 36.16 thirty-six point one six

分數： 4/5 four-fifths

年代： 1987 nineteen eighty-seven

電話號碼：27458116 two seven four five eight double one six

日期： 12/9 December the ninth; the ninth of December

時間： 6:55 six fifty-five; five to seven

其它：Channel 26; No.44 bus; Room 1803

2. 加、減、乘、除的不同表達

陳述句：6 plus 3 is 9； 6 minus 3 is 3； 3 multiplied 6 is 18； 6 divided 3 is 2.

祈使句：Add 3 and 6； Subtract 3 from 6； Multiply 3 by 6. Divide 6 by 3.

3．介詞with的用法

a lady with an amazing brain（有）

go for a picnic with my friend（和，與）

program it with instructions（按照）

Chapter：5

Look it up！查檢視

一 單詞彙總

article n．文章

encyclopaedia n．百科全書

describe v. 描繪，描述

fierce add．兇猛的

exist v．存在

harmless adj．無害的

unlike prep不同的

skeleton n．骨',骨

behind adv．在後面，向後面

thinker n．思想家

Greece n．希臘

jar n．罈子

kneel v. 跪下，跪着

even adv．甚至

Disneyland n．迪斯尼樂園

amusement n．娛樂，消遺

the United States of America n．美國

France n．法國

creat v. 創造，創作

character n .（小說、戲劇中的）人物

deliver v. 分發，遞送

mail n．郵件

real adj．真實的

while conj．當……的時候，……同時

hurt n．傷害

harm n．傷害

belongings n．所有物，財產

lastly adv．最後

in the end 最後

tame adj .馴服的

look up 查尋，查閱

peacefully adv．和平地，平靜地

die of 因……而死

disease n．疾病

secret n. 祕密

attraction n．吸引，有吸引力的事物

memorial n．紀念碑

republic n．共和國

bury v. 埋葬

hectare n．公項

government n．政府

repair n．修理

pay v．支付，付錢

concrete n. 混凝土

banknote n. 紙幣，鈔票

ID card 身份證

appear v. 出現

visitor n．參觀者

later adv．稍後，之後

dream n．夢

二 重點難點解析

1. millions of成百萬的

million（百萬），與hundred（百），thousand（千）一樣，與具體數字連用，不用複數形式，例：2 million兩百萬，3 thousand三千，8 hundred八百；表示泛數時，只用複數形式，通常與of連用，例：thousands of成千上萬的，hundreds of成百上千的。

2．比較級的表達方式

1）as + adj. /adv．原級＋as = the same + n.＋as +n.“像一樣”

例：Alice is as tall as Helen．= Alice is the same height as Helen．艾莉斯和海倫一樣高。

2）adj. /adv．比較級＋than“……比……”

例：They are fiercer than tigers．他們比老虎更殘暴。

3. know知道／know about知道關於…

例：Do you know how to swim？你會游泳嗎？

I don't know the writer, but I know about her.我不認識這個作家，但我聽說過她。

4．辨析：see sb do sth, see sb doing sth

☆see sb do sth意爲“看見……做……”，強調動作的全過程；see sb doing sth意爲“看見……正在做……”，強調動作正在進行。例：I saw her play the piano，我看見她彈了鋼琴。

I saw her pl碩ng the piano．我看見她正在彈鋼琴。

5. become even happier變得甚至更開心了

☆even/still, far/much, a bit/a little＋比較級，用來表示比較級的程度。

例：The next day she got up still earlier．第二天她起得更早些。

She sings far/much better than the others．她唱得比別人好得多。

He is a bit/a little tired，他有點兒累了。

三重點語段翻譯

Look it up！

May's father bought her an encyclopaedia．Here are three of the articles she found in it．

DIIN0SAURS

Dinosaurs lived on earth more than sixty million years ago．This was a long time before people existed. There were millions of dinosaurs ．They lived everywhere．Some were as small as chickens ．Others were as big as ten elephants．Some dinosaurs had wings and could fly．

Many dinosaurs were harmless ．They were as gentle as sheep and ate plants ．Others were harmful ．They were fiercer than tigers and ate meat, unlike most other dinosaurs．

Dinosaurs all died suddenly ．Nobody knows why ．We know about the lives of dinosaurs from the skeletons，eggs and footprints they left behind．（See Earth History)

DIOGENES

Diogenes was a famous thinker ．He lived in Greece about two thousand years ago．He taught that the way to be happy was to own as few things as possible ．All he owned was a big jar that he lived in，a coat，a purse and a cup ．He was very happy．One day，he saw a small boy kneeling by a fountain ．The boy was drinking water from his hands．So Diogenes threw away his cup and became even happier.

DISNEY，WALT

Disneyland is a famous amusement park in the United States of America ．There are also Disneyland Parks in Japan and France ．Disneyland Park was created by Walt Disney（1901－1966），who is famous for his cartoon characters：Mickey Mouse，Donald Duck，Goofy，Snow White and many others．

Walt was born in the USA．After leaving school and studying art at night, he sold newspapers and delivered mail．Finally he got a job that he really liked-drawing cartoons for films．

Walt's most famous cartoon character, Mickey Mouse，was a real mouse．It sometimes sat on Walt's desk while he was working．Walt drew山e mouse and put it in a cartoon．Soon Mickey became a star and Walt became rich and famous．（See Cartoons）

查檢視！

梅的爸爸給她買了一部百科全書。這是她在書中看到的三篇文章。

恐龍

恐龍在六千多萬年前生活在地球上。這是有人類存在前的很長一段時間。當時有上百萬只恐龍。它們無處不在。一些恐龍像雞一樣小。其它的像十頭大象一樣大。一些恐龍有翅膀，可以飛。

許多恐龍都是無害的。它們像羊一樣溫順，吃草。有些恐龍是有害的。它們比老虎更殘暴，吃肉，不像其它大部分恐龍那樣。

恐龍突然滅亡。沒有人知道原因。我們是從恐龍留下的骸骨、恐龍蛋和腳印中知道關於它們的存在的。（見地球的歷史）

Diogenes是位著名的思想家。他大約於兩千年前居住在希臘。他認爲快樂的方法就是擁有儘可能少的東西。他所擁有的全部就是一個他所棲身的大罐子，一件衣服，一個錢包和一個杯子。他非常快樂。一天，他看見一個小男孩正跪在噴泉旁。他正用手喝水。因此，Diogenes扔掉了他的杯子，變得甚至更快樂了。

迪斯尼，沃爾特

迪斯尼樂園是美國著名的遊樂園。在日本和法國也有迪斯尼主題公園。迪斯尼樂園是由沃爾特迪斯尼創建的，他以他的卡通人物而聞名，像米老鼠、唐老鴨、白雪公主和許多其他角色。

沃爾特生於美國。畢業後，他又在晚上學畫畫，他開始賣報紙，送郵件。最後他得到了一份自己真正喜愛的工作-爲電影畫卡通漫畫。

沃爾特最著名的卡通人物，米老鼠，是一隻真實的老鼠。它有時在沃爾特正在工作的時候坐到他的桌子上。沃爾特把它畫了下來，放到一部卡通裏。不久米老鼠就成了明星，沃爾特變得富有而著名。（見卡通）

四語法講解

I．指示代詞（this, that, these, those)

指示代詞有單、複數之分。特指名詞的單數用this（近）/that（遠）；特指名詞的複數用these（近）/those（遠）。Is this your book? Yes，it is．Is that your bike? No，it isn't。

Are these your pencils? Yes，they are．Are those your parents? No，they aren't．

2．可數名詞和不可數名詞

普通名詞按其所表現的性質可分爲可數名詞和不可數名詞。不可數名詞一般只有單數形式，通常以量詞短語來表示它們的量。可數名詞有複數形式，可數名詞複數形式的構成方法如下：

情況 構成方法 讀音 例詞

一般情況 +s 輕輔音後/s/；

濁輔音後/z/，

ts讀/ts/；ds讀/dz/ book-books

day-days；rat-rats

card-cards

以ce，se，ze，（d）ge等結尾的詞 +s /iz/ office-offices

bridge-bridges

horse-horses

以s，sh，ch，x等結尾的詞 +es /iz/ class-classes

watch-watches

dish-dishes

box-boxes

以輔音字母+y結尾的詞 變y爲I再+es /z/ library-libraries

family-families

以f，fe結尾的詞 變f/fe爲ves /z shelf-shelves

wife-wives

少數名詞的複數形式是不規則的：

如：man-men；child-children; woman-women: foot-feet; goose-geese; tooth-teeth；

單複數相同的可數名詞：Chinese; Japanese; sheep; deer; fish

以o結尾的名詞，一般詞尾＋es : potato-potatoes; 在某些詞後＋s; piano-pianos; radio-radios.

3．專有名詞

專有名詞是某個（些）人、地方或機構專有的名稱，如：Tim, China, the Great Wall，Beijing University等。

4. 語音知識

音節的構成：有一個元音因素就有一個音節。如是輔音因素則通常爲：一歸前，二分手。即一個輔音因素歸前一個音節；如兩個輔音因素，一個歸前，一個歸後。如：

Chapter 6

Nobody wins（Part I）沒有人贏（第一部分）

一 單詞彙總

article n．文章

rocket n．火箭

telescope n．望遠鏡

dull adj．乏味的

in trouble 處於困境、苦惱中

navigator n .駕駛員，領航員

run out of 用完

land v. 登陸，到達

unexplored adj．未經探索的，沒人去過的

valley n .（山）谷，溪谷

Cliff n．懸崖

storey n．樓層

approach v. 走近，靠近

earth-type adj．地球上的式樣

bedside adj.牀邊的

monster n．怪物，怪獸

partly adv．部分地

hop v. 彈跳

kangaroo n．袋鼠

single n．單一的，單個的

glowing adj．發光的

roar n .吼聲，吼叫

blood n．血

alien n．外星人

custom n．風俗，習慣

dawn n．黎明，破曉

steel n．鋼

spring v. 突然跳出，躍出

captain n. 機長

spaceman n .宇航員

trap n. 捕動物等的器具、陷阱

magnet n. 磁鐵

true adj．真實的

peace n．平安，和平

laughter n．笑聲

do sb a favour 幫某人一個忙

last adj．最後的

trust v. 信任，信賴

quarrel v .爭吵，吵架．

offer v. 表示願意（作某事），提供

take off 起飛

sharp adv. 準時地

campsite n. 營地．露營區

hike n．遠足

bored adj．無聊的，厭倦的

front adj．前面的

tidy v．使整潔，整理

tape n．錄音磁帶

arrange v. 安排

camper n .宿營者，露營者

二 重點難點解析

1. They look like kangaroos．他們看起來像袋鼠。

look like看上去像，將例句變爲特殊疑問句爲：What do they look like=How do they look =What's they like?

2. If it isn't, we're all going to die．如果它不是的話，我們都將會死。

由if引導的條件狀語從句和由when引導的時間狀語從句，主句用將來時，從句用一般現在時表示將來。例：

I will go home when he comes back．他回來時，我就回家去。

3. You'd better put on a sweater．你最好穿上毛衣。

1）You'd better = You had better 2） had better do/not do sth最好做……／不做……例：

You'd better not leave so early．你最好不要這麼早就離開。

4．辨析：be going to do...，be thinking about doing...

☆be going to do. .。意爲“打算做……”，有確定的意向；be thinking about doing. .，意爲“想，考慮做……”，不確定的意向。例：-What are you going to do on Sunday？週日你打算做什麼？

-I'm going to visit my grandma．我打算去看我奶奶。

I'm thinking about visiting my grandma．我考慮去看我奶奶。

三 重點語段翻譯

Nobody wins（Part I ）

Captain King, Master Spaceman，has been all over space ．He often tells his friends stories of his adventures ．This is one of them．

Peters, our navigator, was lost again ．We were running out of food，so towards evening, we landed on an unexplored planet．Lam，our pilot, brought us down gently in a valley close to a great cliff of smooth，black rock．In the cliff there were doors-of two storeys high！

All twelve of us left the ship and approached the doors carefully ．One was a little open．

We went through it into a huge cave．The furniture inside was earth一type，but huge！You could play tennis on the bed and have a bath in the bowl on the bedside table．

‘Let's get out of here，’Peters said．

‘This is the home of a monster.’

‘It's clearly partly human，so it may be a friendly monster,’I said．‘We'll wait．’

‘But…，’Peters began．

‘Don't argue，’I said．‘We are going to wait．’

The ground began to shake．The door opened and some animals hopped in ．They looked like kangaroos，giant kangaroos ．Following them was a huge monster. It looked almost human except that it had a single，huge，red, glowing eye.

The monster turned to close the door and shouted，‘Good night，friends．’

The friends outside shouted，‘Good night, Gork．’

Then Gork shut the door, turned round and saw us ．He gave a roar that turned our blood to ice．‘Aliens！Aliens in my cave．How did you get in here?’

I thought fast, and said quietly，‘Good evening，Mr Gork。My name is Nobody and these people here are my…’

Gork roared again，‘I know who you are ．You're aliens and we kill all aliens in this valley ．That's our custom．Tomorrow，at dawn，you are going to die！All of you．’

Before we could move，Gork pressed a button on the wall beside him ．Steel bars sprang

from the ground around us and closed over our heads

We were caught like rats in a trap．Gork pressed another button，and a powerful magnet above the cage pulled our guns from our hands．

‘Well，Captain' Lam said，‘you were wrong about the monster being friendly，weren't

you? And why did you say your name was "Nobody"？’

‘I have a plan and "Nobody" is part of it，’I replied．‘You'll see．’

I turned to Gork and said，‘Mr Gork，it is true that we are aliens，but why can't we be

friends? Believe me，sir. We come in peace．’

Gork said，‘You come in peace，but tomorrow you'll be in pieces．’He roared with laughter,‘But listen，Nobody ．I'll do you a favour. Tomorrow, you'll be the last one to die．’

Peters turned towards me ．When he spoke，his voice shook．‘I hope your plan's a good

one，sir. If it isn't，we're all going to die。’

‘No，we're not，’I said．‘We're all going to live， Peters！Trust me．’

沒有人贏（第一部分）

金機長，優秀的宇航員，已經遊遍了太空。他經常給朋友們講他探險的故事。這就是其中的一個。

彼得斯，我們的領航員又迷路了。我們吃光了食物，所以接近夜晚的時候，我們在一個從沒有人去過的行星上登陸了。蘭姆，我們的飛行員，緩緩地把我們帶到一個山谷裏，那挨着一個平滑的黑岩石的大懸崖。在懸崖上有門-足有兩層樓那麼高！

我們一行12個人離開了飛船，小心地走近大門。其中一扇稍微開了點。我們透過門走進了一個大洞穴。裏面的傢俱都是地球上的式樣，但是非常大！你可以在牀上打網球，在牀邊桌上的碗裏洗澡。

“我們離開這兒吧，”彼得斯說。“這是一個怪物的家。”

“很明顯它有部分是人類，所以它可能是個友好的怪物，”我說。“我們等等吧。”

“但是……，”彼得斯又開始了。

“別爭了，”我說。“我們打算等。”

地面開始震動。門開了，一些動物跳了進來。它們看起像袋鼠，巨型袋鼠。隨後是個大怪物。“看起來幾乎跟人一樣，只是它長着一隻巨大的紅色發光的眼睛。

怪物轉身去關門，大喊道：“朋友們，晚安。”

外面的朋友喊道：“戈克，晚安。”

然後戈克關上門，轉過身來看到了我們。他的一聲大吼使我們毛骨諫然。“外星人！我的洞穴裏有外星人。你們是怎麼進來的？”

我靈機一動，悄悄地說道：“晚上好，戈克先生。我是沒有人，這兒的這些人是我的……”

戈克又大吼一聲，“我知道你是誰，你們是外星人，我們殺死這個山谷裏所有的外星人。那是我們的習慣。明天，天一亮，你們就得死！所有人。”

在我們可以行動之前，戈克按了他埃着的牆上的那一個按鈕。鋼條在我們四周從地上彈出來，貼着我們的頭頂。我們像耗子被夾在鼠夾中那樣被抓住。戈克按了另一個妞，籠子上方一個強大的吸鐵石把我們手裏的槍給吸走了。

“機長，”蘭姆說。“你以爲怪物是友好的是錯誤的，不是嗎？況且你爲什麼說你叫‘沒有人’啊？”

“我有一個計劃，‘沒有人’正是其中的一部分，”我答道。“你就等着瞧吧。”

我轉向戈克，說道：“戈克先生，沒錯，我們是外星人，但是我們爲什麼不能成爲朋友呢？相信我，先生。我們是懷着善意而來的。”

戈克說：“你們懷着善意而來，但是明天你們將變成碎片。”他咆哮還帶着怪笑。“但是聽着，沒有人。我將爲你效勞。明天，你會最後一個死。”

彼得斯轉向我。他說話時，聲音都顫抖了。“我希望你那是個好主意，先生。如果不是，我們都會死了。”

“不，我們不會死，”我說。“我們都會活，彼得斯！相信我。”

四語法講解

1．一般將來時

一般將來時表示將來發生的動作，常與tomorrow, next, soon, in the future等表示將來的時間狀語連用。

1)動詞形式爲：will/shall/be going to＋動詞原形：I am going to see a film tomorrow．

We will tell you something important．

He won't come to school today．

I shall open the window．

2) be going to在口語中大量使用；表示近期的打算、計劃、人的意願以及判斷很可能發生的事。shall僅限於第一人稱的單複數。will not＝won't，shall not＝shan't

2. come/leave/go/arrive等動詞經常用進行時表示將來。

I am coming to see you right after work．一下班我就來看你。

Sony, she is leaving for France．對不起，她就要去法國了。

3. will（將）/may（可能）/might（可能）

will表示對未來確定無疑；情態動詞may與might表示有可能；might語氣更委婉。

The weather forcast says it will rain heavily tomorrow．天氣預報說明天要下大雨。，

It may rain this afternoon.下午可能有雨。

It might rain today, but I'm not sure．今天可能要下雨，但我不能確定。

4．介詞in /on /at的用法：，

在確切時刻前用at, at breakfast time; at 3:33; at dawn; at noon; at night，

在年、月、一段時間前用in. in 2003; in September; in two years

在具體的日期前用on. on Monday; on the night of May 1st

5．反義疑問句：由兩部分組成，前半部分爲陳述部分，後半部分爲疑問部分。前半部分爲肯定句時，用否定形式提問；前半部分爲否定句時，用肯定形式提問。時態要保持前後一致。

They come to school on foot，don't they? Yes，they do．/No，they don't．

他們步行去上學，是嗎？是的，他們步行去。／不，他們不是。

She won't see a film tonight，will she? Yes，she will．/No，she won't．

今晚她不去看電影，是嗎？不，她去看。／是的，她不去看。

Chapter 7

Nobody wins（Part II）沒有人贏（第二部分）

一 單詞彙總

speed n．速度

trick v. 欺騙，作騙

fall asleep 入睡

snore v. 打奸

escape v. 逃跑

interrupt v. 打斷

torch n．手電筒

weak adj．弱的，軟弱的

aim v. 瞄準

laser n．激光

beam n．光束，光線

go out 熄滅

roar v. 吼叫

attack v. 進攻，攻擊

damage v. 損害，損毀

opening n．孔，開口

at a time 每次，一次

feel v．觸摸

whisper v. 低語，耳語

do for 擊敗

panic v. 驚慌，恐慌

freedom n．自由

free adj．免費的

eventually adv．終於，最後

maybe adv．大概，可能

silently adv .寂靜無聲地

figure n．人影，人物

no longer 不再

prisoner n. 犯人，囚犯

at once 立刻，馬上

light-producing adj．發光的

fear n．恐懼

exactly adv．確切地，精確地

silly adj．傻的，愚蠢的

search v. 搜尋，搜查

rubber n．橡膠

comet n．彗星

painting n. 畫，繪畫

stool n．凳子

row n．一排，一行

somebody pron．某人，有人

something pron．某事，某物

anybody pron．任何人

no one pron．沒有人，無人

notice-board n．布告牌，佈告板

nearby adv．在附近

二 重點難點解析

1. Then you'll use the torch to kill Gork．然後你就用手電筒殺死戈克。

☆use sth to do sth用……做…... /sth be used to do sth(for doing sth)...…被用來做……／

used to do sth過去常常做…/be(get)used to doing sth習慣於……

2. We're too weak to open the door．我們太弱小了，開不了門。

☆too. . . to(簡單句) = not... enough to（簡單句）= so... that... not（複合句）太……以至不能……

故例句可改爲：We are not strong enough to open the door．或We are so weak that we can't open the door．

3．辨析：beside, besides, except

☆beside意爲“在……旁邊”，besides意爲“除……之外”,except意爲“除了”。例：

Come and sit beside me．過來坐在我的旁邊。

I have a few friends besides you．除你之外，我還有幾個朋友。

Nobody was late except her．除她之外，沒有人遲到。

4 ．By this time，I had joined my crew among the kangaroos．到這時，我已經和我的機組成員都藏到袋鼠中去。

By this time意爲“到這時”，需用過去完成時。例：

By this time yesterday，I had already finished reading half of the story．

到昨天的這個時候，我已經看了故事的一半了。

5．辨析：at a time, at one time

☆at a time意爲“一次，每次”，常用於“數詞＋at a time”的結構中。例：

Pass me the bricks two at a time．把磚頭遞給我，每次兩塊。‘

at one time一般指“過去某一時期”或“曾一度”的意思。例：

At one time I used to like her, but not any more．我曾一度很喜歡她，現在可不喜歡了。

6. What happened to Gork？戈克發生什麼事了？

☆happen to意爲“發生於”，其中to是介詞，後接表示人或事物的名詞或代詞，主語通常是anything, something, what等。例：If anything happens to him, let me know．如果他發生意外，就通知我。

What happened to the machine？機器出了什麼毛病？

三 重點語段翻譯

Nobody wins （Part II）

After his supper of kangaroo soup，Gork lay down on his bed and almost immediately fell asleep．He was snoring ．The noise shook the cave．‘Listen，everyone，’I said．"Here's my plan．”

From my pocket，I took my small，powerful laser torch．Because it was in a plastic case，the magnet could not attract it．‘We'll use this to escape from the cage，’I said．‘First，I'll melt the bars and then…’

Peters interrupted me．‘I know，Captain ．Then you'll use the torch to kill Gork．’

‘Use your brains，’I said．‘If we kill Gork，how will we escape? We're too weak to open

the door ．Here's what we'll do！we'll...’

Moments later, we were all out of the cage ．The crew was hiding among the kangaroos，and I

was standing on the bed，beside Gork's head ．I said loudly，‘Gork，this is Nobody．’Gork woke up ．I aimed the torch at his eye and pressed the button．The laser beam hit the eye. The eye went out．

Gork roared,‘I can't see！My eye！’The noise brought his neighbours running to his door.’

‘What's wrong, Gork?’they shouted from outside．

Gork shouted back，‘It's Nobody ．Nobody attacked me ．Nobody damaged my eye．’

The neighbours laughed and said，‘Nobody attacked him．Gork's having a bad dream. Let's go back to bed．Good night，Gork。’

By this time，I had joined my crew among the kangaroos，Gork said，‘Nobody，I know you're hiding among my kangaroos．I'll get you．You're finished, all of you．’

He opened the cave door a little and called his kangaroos to come out. As they hopped through the narrow opening, one at a time，he felt their backs with his hands to make sure we were not on them．

‘What do we do now?’Peters whispered．‘We can't get out on the kangaroos．We're done for.’

‘Don't panic，Peters，’I said．‘We can't get out on the kangaroos but we can get out in

them ．Here，get inside this one．’Peters climbed into the giant kangaroo's pocket ．A few moments later, he hopped through the door to freedom．

‘That's how＊all got free，’said Captain King，‘and back to our ship and，eventually，back to the safety of the earth．’

‘What happened to Gork?’asked someone．

‘Gork? I don't know．Maybe he's still in his cave-looking for Nobody．’

Everyone laughed except a figure in the captain's garden ．It was moving silently towards the house ．It was a huge figure，and in its face was a single，red，glowing eye．

沒有人贏（第二部分）

吃過了晚餐袋鼠湯後，戈克躺在牀上馬上睡着了。他打着呼嚕。奸聲震動了洞穴。“大家聽我說，”我說道。“我的計劃是這樣的。”

從口袋裏，我掏出我的小而強大的激光手電筒。因爲它是在一個塑料盒裏，所以磁鐵沒能把它吸走。“我們將用這個逃離這個籠子，”我說道。“首先我會熔化鋼條，然後……，，

彼得斯打斷我。“我知道了，機長。然後你就用這個手電筒殺死戈克。”

“動動腦子，”我說。“如果我們殺了戈克，我們怎麼逃出去？我們太弱小了，開不了門。我們要這樣做！我們……”

沒用多久，我們都逃出了籠子。機組成員都藏在袋鼠中間，我站在牀上，戈克的頭旁邊。我大聲說，“戈克，我是沒有人，”戈克醒了。我把手電筒對準他的眼睛，按下按粗。激光光束刺向眼睛，他便什麼也看不見了。

戈克大吼，“我看不見了！我的眼睛！”聲音驚動了他的鄰居，都跑到了他的門外。

“戈克，怎麼了？”他們從外面喊道。

戈克迴應道，“是沒有人。沒有人襲擊我。沒有人毀壞了我的眼睛。”

鄰居們笑了，說道，“沒有人襲擊他。戈克做噩夢了。我們回去睡覺吧。晚安，戈克。”

到這時，我已經和機組成員都藏到袋鼠中間去了。戈克說：“沒有人，我知道你們藏在我的袋鼠中間。我會抓到你們的。你們都將被殺死。”

他把洞穴的門開啟了一點，讓他的袋鼠都出去。當他們從狹窄的開口跳出去，一次一個時，他用手摸他們的後面，以確定我們沒在他們身上。

“現在我們該怎麼辦？”彼得斯低聲說道，“我們不能在袋鼠身上逃出去。我們完蛋了。”

“別慌，彼得斯，”我說。“我們不能在袋鼠身上出去但我們進去再逃出去，這兒，到這隻裏面去。”彼得斯爬到巨大的袋鼠口袋裏面。幾分鐘以後，他透過門跳了出去，自由了。

“那就是我們得以自由的方法，”金機長說道。“回到我們的船上，最後安全地返

回地球。”

“戈克發生什麼事了？”有人問。

“戈克？我不知道。或許他仍在他的洞穴裏---尋找沒有人。”

大家都笑了，除了機長花園裏的一個人影。它悄悄地移向房子。那是個巨大的人影，在它臉上有一個紅色的會發光的眼睛。

四 語法講解

1． 用介詞表示方位：

介詞經常用來表示方位：in在……裏面，on在……上面，under/below在……下方，above/ove：在……上方，beside在……旁邊，next to緊挨着，between（兩者之間）/among（三者以上）在……中間，in front of在……前面／behind在……後面，opposite在……對面

2． 不定代詞：

不定代詞some, something, somebody, someone常用於肯定句；any, anything,anybody, anyone常用於否定句或疑問句，用於肯定句時表示任何人/物；無論誰／什麼。當不定代詞充當主語時，動詞常用單數形式；修飾不定代詞的形容詞放在其後作後置定語。

e. g. anything interesting/something important/nothing wrong