初二上學期>>Unit 8 I was not here yesterday

教學目標

1．知識目標

（1）New words and phrases: was, yesterday, November, ill, hope, composition, remember, were, bit, healthy, grow up, visit, ago, the day before yesterday, enjoy, world, at the same time, a moment ago, just now, reply, by the way, match, cold, drive, plan, dairy, make phone calls, go out, India, went, rain, rained.

（2）日常交際用語: What day is yesterday?

I am sorry to hear that.

I hope you’re better now. Keep healthy.

Why did you call me? I called to tell…

（3）語法項目

A. 一般過去時的陳述句結構：主語+動詞（be動詞或行爲動詞）過去式形式。

B. be 動詞的過去式：am, is- was are -were

C. 一般過去時的一般疑問句結構及回答：

（1）Were/Was+主語+ 其它？

Yes, They/we were.　　No, we/ they weren’t.

I/he/she/it was. 　　　I/he/she/it wasn’t.

（2）Did + 主語+ 動詞原型 + 其它？

Yes, 主語+ did.

2．能力目標：

（1）使學生能夠掌握一般過去時的意義和結構，並能熟練的進行口頭和筆頭練習。

（2）使學生能夠讀懂課文大意，並能回答出課後面的問題。

（3）使學生能夠聽懂與課文聽力難度相當的聽力材料,並能回答課後的問題.

（4）使學生能夠掌握髮/∫//з//h//w/這四個輔音音素的字母組合.

3.德育目標: 通常教學，讓學生認識到科學發展之快，交通之便捷，必須認真學習，適應社會。

教學建議

教材分析

本單元透過課堂上值日報告和介紹uncle Wilson工作情況這兩個主題，使學生對一般過去時有了初步的瞭解,並初步掌握了一般過去時基本的結構。每一部分都既有一般現在時的句子，又有一般過去時的句子，主要是加強時態的對比，幫助學生區分兩種時態意義上的差別和結構上的差別，每一部分的設計都是由簡單到複雜，由易到難，教師在教學的過程中也應注意循序漸進。

語法教學建議

（1）一般過去時的匯入

教師可以事先準備好一個放大的日曆（如書上36頁圖），上課時指着日曆向學生介紹This is a calendar. Today is November the fourteenth. （指着November the fourteenth.） 接着指着後面緊靠着的日子告訴學生這是tomorrow。同樣的辦法可以講解yesterday, the day before yesterday, last Sunday, three days ago。

然後，在黑板上出示句子：Today is Thursday, November the fourteenth. Tomorrow is November the fifteenth. Yesterday is November the thirteenth。告訴學生爲什麼yesterday, the day before yesterday後面不用is 而用was。

最後，教師可以分別指着其它另幾個日期提問：What day is it today? What day is it tomorrow? What day was it yesterday? What day was it the day before yesterday? What day was it three days ago?

（2）有關時態的練習：使用媒體資料進行練習，教師可以讓學生根據屏幕上的提示詞, 敘述班日誌上的內容。

（3）教師可以把Linda的旅行過的地點的圖片貼在黑板上，然後在下面標出日期：The day before yesterday, tomorrow, three days ago, yesterday, a moment ago, just now，要求學生使用所學句型寫出Linda在那些地方呆過，並把上述句子按照時間順序排列成短文。

（4）建議教師在講解一般過去時的時候，使用卡片組句的方法幫助學生練習句子結構。具體步驟如下：

A：教師準備一些單詞卡片，一類是主語。包括各種人稱和數。如；you , I, my brother, Mary’s parents 二類是be 動詞的各種形式如：(am ,was, were, are, is)三類是各種地點,如（the school, home, Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin ,bank, theater, office ）四類是時間，如yesterday, the day before yesterday, last Sunday, three days ago等。五類是句號和問號。

B：將學生分成若干組，每組五人。一個組員選取一類卡片，大家再將五張卡片組成一個語法正確，意義的完整句子。（每組必須組成一個一般疑問句）在單位時間內選取的句子多的組爲勝。

（5）教師可以先分別將be 動詞的各種形式寫和幾個時間狀語（如yesterday, the day before yesterday, two bays ago, last Monday, always, often ）在幾張卡片上，卡片正面上寫出am is are 背面寫出它們的過去時，在黑板上寫出幾個不完整的句子如：I____ at the bus stop ____ ，教師可以輪換出示時間狀語，要求學生出示對應的be 動詞。此練習教師可以逐漸加快替換速度，以訓練學生反映，培養學生語感。也可以由學生自己練習。

聽力教學建議

本單元聽力有兩個難點

（1）學生往往在聽時間的時候反應較慢，教師應先利用日曆講單詞，再用日曆練單詞，練完單詞，連成句子。

（2）學生由於對動詞的過去式發音不熟悉，常常造成理解上的困難，教師可以抽出時間重點強調一些常見動詞的發音，另外，要求學生根據上下文和時間狀語進行判斷。

口語教學建議

本單元的口語訓練內容主要集中在第二十九課和第三十一課。第二十九課中要求學生熟練掌握課堂日常交際用語，要求學生在背誦的基礎上根據教師的提示表格進行角色表演。

Time

Student on duty

Student absent

Reason

Yesterday

Li Lang

Tian tian

ill

Today

Zhao Yu

Zhao Hua

Get up late

Tomorrow

LiGang

No one

此後，教師可以在課堂上設立值日生報告制度，給每個學生機會練習。

第三十一課中主要是關於一般過去時的一般疑問句和特殊疑問句的訓練，學生可以做幾個對句子劃線部分提問的練習：

(1)Zhao Lin was at the school gate a moment ago.

(2)The twins were at the museum.

(3)Our teacher was in Tokyo last week.

教師可以在黑板上出示幾張照片讓學生就畫面回答問題：

Who was at Tian An Men Square?

Was Li Liang at the school gate? Where were our classmates yesterday?

I am sorry to hear that.聽到這個消息我很難過。

be sorry to do sth意思是對…表示難過和同情，如：

I am sorry to hear that your teacher gave you a lesson yesterday.聽說老師訓了你一通，我爲此表示難過.

I am sorry to hear that you didn’t pass the exam again y 聽說你沒有考試及格我很難過。

還有一種用法：be sorry for sb or sth.意思是對某人某事表示後悔，如：

I am sorry for the mistakes I have made.我對自己的錯誤後悔不已。

You must look after yourself and keep healthy. 你必須保重，保持健康的體魄。

look after= take care of “照顧，看管”。例如：

I must stay at home and look after my father. 我必須呆在家裏照顧我父親。

yourself是反身代詞，意爲“你自己”，作look after的賓語。注意，在使用反身代詞時，應與它前面的主語在人稱上保持一致。

keep healthy指“保持身體健康”，keep是系動詞，後面接形容詞，意思是“保持某種狀態”。例如：keep quite保持安靜 keep warm 保持暖和 keep silent 保持沉默、不講話

My father always keeps busy. 我的父親總是閒不住。

She wants to keep thin. 她想保持身材苗條。

“keep +形容詞”表示“保持（某種狀態），”句中的keep爲系動詞； Keep sb. + doing sth. 表示“（使某人）不停地做某事”；keep sth. 表示“儲存、保管”的意思。

Don’t keep your friend waiting for you for a long time.不要讓你的朋友久等。

keep 還有儲存保管的意思。

How long can I keep this book?我可以保這本書管多長時間?

分合不同

一、everyday 與every day

1) everyday“日常的、每日的”，是形容詞，在句中只作定語。如：

Let’s learn some everyday English. 我們學一些日常英語吧。

2) every day是副詞詞組，在句中作狀語，表示“每天、天天”。如：

We speak English every day. 我們每天講英語。

二、everyone與every one

1) everyone(=everybody)“每人、人人”。只用來指人，一般不可與of 短語連用。作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。如：

Everyone in the village knows him. 村裏每個人都認識他。

2) every one“每人（人或物）”。既可指人也可指物，其後常接of短語。作主語時，謂語動詞也用單數。如：

Every one of us has the right to work. 我們每個人都有工作的權利

例：我們班人人都喜歡踢足球。

誤：Every one is our class likes playing football.

正：Everyone in our class likes playing football.

析：表示某種範圍內的“每個人”，常用everyone，後接 “in+集體名詞”短語（表示範圍）。而every one後接“of+具體名詞或代詞（複數）”短語，everyone後則不跟of短語。

三、anyone 與 any one

1) anyone(=anybody)泛指“任何人”。作主語時，謂語動詞用單數，用於否定句、疑問句及條件句中，對應詞爲someone. 如：

Has anyone called? 有人打電話嗎？

I didn’t meet anyone like you. 我沒見過像你這樣的人。

2) any one常指某些人或物中的“任何一個”，後面常接of短語。如：

You may tell any one of us. 你可以告訴我們中的任何一個人。

四、maybe和may be

1) maybe “或許、也許”，是副詞。相當於perhaps,常用於句首作狀語。如：

Maybe our teacher is in his office .可能我們的老師在辦公室裏。

2) may be “可能是”，是“情態動詞+動詞原形”結構，在句中作謂語。如：

He may be at home. (= Maybe he is at home)。他可能在家。

五、sometime 與 some time

1) sometime “某一時候”，是副詞。指過去或將來的某一時間，作狀語。如：

They’ll meet again sometime next month. 下個月的某個時候，他們將再見面。

I bought the new bike sometime last year.我是去年某個時候買的這輛新自行車。

2) some time“一段時間、一些時候”，是名詞詞組。如：

It will take us some time to finish the work. 完成這項工作要花費我們一些時間。

教學設計示例

Lesson 29教學設計方案

Teaching Objectives: Enable the students to grasp the simple present tense of “be”.

Properties: Tape recorder. Calendar

Language FOCUS: What day is today? What day was yesterday?

Composition I’m sorry to hear that. I hope you’re better now. keep healthy

Teaching Procedures:

I. Leading - in

1. Ask the Ss: What day is today? What’s the date today?

What day was yesterday? What was the date yesterday?

Lead to the simple past tense: am, is→was

2. Ask the students to work in pairs and talk about days and dates.

(With the help of Calendars)

II. Read and learn

1. Read the duty report in the book.

2. Ask Ss to give similar reports.

Ⅲ. Presentation

1. (To a student) Who was absent someday or didn’t hand in homework on time. Ask questions like：

Where were you yesterday? What was wrong with you?

Where is your homework? What’s wrong? …

2. Help the students to answer with the simple past tense

Ⅳ. Read and act

1. Listen to the tape.

2. Ask the Ss to retell the main idea of the dialogue.

3. Go over the dialogue.

Composition: a short piece of writing, essay

I’m sorry to hear that.

I hope you’re better now

keep healthy.

eg. It’s so hot today, keep the door and windows open.

Taking regular exercise can keep you healthy.

Put the food in the fridge and keep it fresh.

Ask the questions:

Why wasn’t Lily at school on Thursday?

Did she hand in her composition on time?

When did she hand it in?

4. Listen and repeat.

5. Pairwork and act out the dialogue.

6. Make similar dialogues, using the present simple and simple past tense.

V. Exercises in class

It____(be) Friday today. Because Lily____(be) ill yesterday, she ____(be not) at school. Today she ____ ( be ) better. She ____ (be) at school.

Key: is, was, wasn’t, is, is

Complete the sentences.

1. 昨天早上李磊缺席了。

Li Lei ______ ______ yesterday morning.

2. 你爸爸現在好些了嗎？是的，他好多了。

_______ your father _______ now? Yes, he is _______ _______ now.

3. 你最好明天將你的作文帶來。

You’d ______ ______ your ______ here tomorrow.

4. 你媽媽有點不舒服，我必須在家照顧她。

My mother is ______ ______ ______. I must ______ ______ ______ at home.

5. 你必須照顧你自己，保持健康。

You must ______ ___ __ ______ and ______ ______.

Answers: away , better, much better er bring, composition 4.a bit ill, look after her after yourself, keep healthy

VI. Homework

1 Write a duty report.

2. Wb.

3. Recite the dialogue.

VII. The design of the blackboard

Lesson 29

I　　　was　　　we 　　　were

You　　were　　　you　　　were

He 　　was

She　　was　　　they　　　were

It　　　was

教學設計示例

Lesson30教學設計方案

教學目標：

1．使同學熟練掌握一般過去時的用法，並能比較它和一般現在時的區別。

2．使同學讀懂本課閱讀材料的內容，並能根據回答課後的問題。

教具：Picture and recorder

教學過程：

Step 1 Revision

（1）要求學生進行角色表演，內容如下：

Teacher: Hello, everyone！Who is on duty today?

Students: It is Li Gang. Who is not here today Li Gang?

Li Gang: Tian Tian is not here.

Teacher: Why is she not here?

Li Gang: I think she is ill. I am not sure.

Lily: I know. Tian Tian called me last night. She said she had a bad cold yesterday. She asked me to tell you.

Teacher: Well. I wish she will be all right soon.

（2）教師出示幾張小明在十一國慶節照的像片，讓學生說出小明都去了那些地方

使用Where was Xiao Ming in /at ? Was Xiao Ming at…? 的句型.

（3）Dictation要求學生寫出下列動詞的過去式：do, have, am/is, are, go.

Step 2 Presentation

Pre-read.

（1）讓學生思考下面幾個問題並進行回答：

What do you want to do in the future? Why? Is it a busy job?

Do you want to be a businessman/businesswoman?

What do you think of the job of a businessman/businesswoman? Are they usually very busy?

（2）教師自然引入新課：我們來討論書上的三個問題。鼓勵學生提出自己的不同見解。針對大家的觀點，我們來看一看Lily’s uncle是怎樣的一個商人。

Read the text: My uncle

1. Ask the Ss to go over the passage in a silent way and answer some questions.

What’s Lily’s uncle?

What’s his job? Is he very busy?

Where does he work?

Where was he last Monday /three days ago/the day before yesterday/yesterday/last night? →Writing of Ex.3

2. Listen and repeat

3. Name the places Uncle Mike travels to.

先標出旅遊下列地點的時間，再將下列地點按Uncle Michael Wilson旅行的時間先後的順序進行排列。A. Taipei B. Shanghai C. Dalian. D. Hong Kong E. New York F. Tokyo

4. Suppose you were Lily, say something about your uncle.

Step3 Drill

（1）撲克組句遊戲：教師須準備幾種單詞卡片，分別是主語，be動詞或be動詞的過去式，介詞，時間狀語（包括表示現在時間的和表示過去時間的狀語），疑問詞，標點。教師可以將學生每五人分成一組。組員每人手裏抓完張單詞卡後，開始輪流出牌，出牌時每個人須將出的牌組成通順的句子，例如：甲：I 乙：am 丙：in 丁：Shanghai.先出完手中牌的同學爲勝。

學生複述課文。

Step 4 Exercises in class

1) Make up sentences:

1. sell, my uncle, many countries, to, computers.

2. every day, have, meetings, he

3. go to, come to, visit, people, see, him.

4. usually, work, he, quickly

5. the day before yesterday, be, in, Hong Kong, Mike.

6. three days ago, he, in, be, Tokyo

Keys:

1. My uncle sells computers to many countries.

2. He has meetings every day.

3. He goes to visit people and people come to see him.

4. He usually works quickly.

5. Mike was in Hong Kong the day before yesterday.

6. He was in Tokyo three days ago.

2) Fill in the blanks with the proper form of verb “be”.

1. What day ______ it yesterday?

2. Her parents ______ in England last month.

3. ______ your aunt a bookseller? Yes, she is.

4. There ______ a class meeting next Friday afternoon.

5. He must ______ a doctor.

6. Here ______ some orange for you.

Answers: be

Step 5 Homework

the new words and the phases.

2.學生預習怎樣將動詞變成過去式。

3. Do Ex.3 on Page 37

4. Retell the passage

The design of the blackboard

教學設計示例

Lesson 31教學設計方案

Teaching Objectives: The simple past of action verbs. Time adverbials of simple past

Properties: Tape recorder. Overhead Projector

Language Focus:

Last week/night/month a moment ago Yesterday morning just now the day before yesterday, have-had half an hour ago, call-called do-doing

Teaching Procedures:

I. Revision

What did you do yesterday /the day before yesterday/last night…?

II. Leading - in

Who isn’t here today? Where is he/she?

Who wasn’t here yesterday?

Were you here last week?

Was here on Monday?

Were and here?

Help Ss to form the rule: am/is→was are→were

III. Ask and answer

1. Finish Ex. 2 and check.

2. Ask students to remember time adverbials of simple past.

last week/night/month just now = a moment ago …ago yesterday/the day before yesterday.

3. Make sentences with the simple past adverbials.

Teacher: Did you have a party on your birthday last year?

His grandpa went away just now.

He saw a film a few days ago.

Everyone came here yesterday.

Ⅳ. Read and say

1. Listen to the dialogue

2. Ask questions.

When did Sally call Lucy? Why did she call Lucy?

Was Lucy at home? Where was she?

What did Lucy do?

How did she like Guangdong food?

What did Lucy and her uncle have for dinner?

3. Ask students to form rules of past form of some action verbs.

call-called do-did have-had

4. Listen and repeat.

5. Make similar dialogues.

V. Exercises in class

Fill in the blank with the proper form of the given verbs.

1. She ____(come) to see me last night.

2. I____(get) to school late yesterday.

3. Mary ____(be) born on Apr. 20,1985.

4. My father____(go) to shanghai on business 3 days ago.

5. He ____ (leave) here just now.

Key:

Rewrite the sentences as required.

1.I am on duty today. (last Friday)

2. It’s Monday today. (yesterday)

3. I usually have lunch outside. (three days ago)

4. Kate is calling her sister now. (last night)

students are in the playroom now. (a moment ago)

Answer: 1. I was on duty last Friday.

2. It was Monday yesterday.

3. I had lunch outside three days ago.

4. Kate was calling her sister last night.

5. The students were in the playroom a moment ago.

VI. Homework

2. Make a dialogue like the one in the book.

3. Remember past form of verbs.

VII. The design of the blackboard

Lesson 31

Where was Mr. King yesterday morning?

He was at the office.

Where were the twins half an hour ago?

They were at school.

教學設計示例

Lesson 32教學設計方案

Teaching Objectives: Develop the four skills of listening, speaking, reading and writing. And revise the whole unit.

Properties: Tape recorder, overhead projector

Language Focus:

Teaching Procedures:

Ⅰ. Revision

1. Ask the Ss to say out the dialogue they made after class.

2. Dictation: past form of verbs

am, is　　buy　　find　　have　　meet　　see　　　stand

are　　　come 　get　　　hold　　put　　　sell　　swim

become　cut　　 give　　　know　read　　sing　　take

begin　　do　　　go　　　leave　　run　　speak　　teach

bring　　drive　　grow　　lose　　say　　　spend　write　tell

II. Listening

1. Spelling and pronunciation.

(1) Ask Ss to summarize the letter combination with the sound and give example words

(2) Read the phonetics and words in the book

(3) Listen and repeat

2. Listening practice.

(1) The lst time: listen and get the main idea

(2) The 2nd time: listen and answer the questions on Page 116

(3) Check the answers

(4) The 3rd time: listen and check again

Ⅲ. Speaking

1. Listen to the dialogue and retell.

2. Listen again and ask the Ss to answer some questions.

What’s the weather like today?

Why did Lucy call her uncle, Mike?

3. (Open books) Read after the tape.

4. Talk about the language points: much/a little/even/a lot of + the comparative form of adjectives + than.

Teacher: It’s much/a lot easier than before to contact her because she has an e-mail address.

It’s even hotter than yesterday, so let’s just stay in the cool room.

5. Pairwork: ask Ss to make similar dialogues, using the words in the box.

6. Say dialogues in front of the class.

IV. Reading

1. Pre-reading.

(Suppose the business man is Uncle Mike) Do you still remember Lucy’s Uncle, Mike? In the last period, we know he’s a very busy businessman.

He travels a lot in the world. Today we’ll see what his work is like?

2. While - reading.

Ask Ss to read the text by themselves, bearing the following questions in mind:

(1) When does Mike get up every morning?

(2) How does he go to work?

(3) How long does it take to go to work?

(4) What does he mean by “every minute counts?”

(5) Why does he keep a diary?

(6) Where were they last summer?

(7) How was their holiday?

(8) Do you want to be a businessman like Mike? Why or why not?

(9) What kind of work do you like, busy work or a job with a lot of free time? Give the reasons, Please!

3. Answer the above questions.

4. Go over the passage and explain some points.

Language points

(1) have a light breakfast

Every morning I only have a light breakfast

(2) It takes sb. time to do

It takes him one hour to do his homework every day.

(3) Sb. Spends time on sth./(in) doing sth.

He spent the whole evening on the broken TV./ (in) repairing the broken TV.

(4) Sth. costs (sb.) some money.

This pair of fashionable jeans cost me 300.

(5)Sb. pays (money) for sth.

Please pay for the books you choose at the checkout.

Every minute counts: Time is very valuable, every minute should be treasured.

5. Listen and read after the tape.

6. Ask Ss to do chain-reading.

7. Retell the passage.

V. Writing

1. Ask Ss to finish the exercise in the book.

2. Check the answer.

3. Read in roles.

4. Write similar dialogues.

VI. Go over the checkpoint and the main points of the whole unit.

VII. Exercises in class

Tense exercise

1. Jim____(hear) from his wife last week.

2. My brother ____(join) the League in 1980.

father____(get) to England yesterday.

4. It ____(take) me half an hour to mend the kite.

5. Lucy ____(be) a bit ill yesterday and ____(not do) come to school, but today she is much____(well).

Key: d ed ,didn’t,better

Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the given Chinese.

’s ______ (多) colder than it was yesterday.

2.1 was in a ______(會議) room.

3.I think I can put the computer ______(修好) .

4.I do some ______ (鍛鍊) and have a ______ (少量的) breakfast every morning.

5. He ______(開車) to his office every day.

6. It _______(花費) me forty minutes to get to my office.

7.I think every minute ______(計算) .

8.I plan my work very ______(認真).

Answers: ing t cise; light es s ts fully

Ⅷ. Homework

1. Wb

2. Write a dialogue like the one in the book.

IX. The design of the blackboard