Unit 22 Bees

一、 教法建議

拋磚引玉

透過本單元的學習，同學們可以了爭到蜜蜂傳遞資訊的方法，培養他們認真觀察的能力，激發對科學研究的興趣。

單元雙基學習目標

Ⅰ.詞彙學習

amazing,spot,surround,astonishment,to one't astonishment,troop,downward

Ⅱ.交際英語

Prohibitions and warnings(禁止與警告)

can't/Mustn't do…

you…,you will…

had better not do…

't smoke.

noise,please.

out!/Take care!/Be careful!

sure you lock the door when you levave!

the wet paint!

your own business!別管閒事!

h out where you are walking.

Ⅲ.語法學習

複習定語從句和同位語從句的用法。

指點迷津

kind of 與sort of

(sort)of後可接單數名詞或複數名詞，動詞用單數形式。例如：

This kind of question(questions)is not easy.

2.也可修飾不可數名詞。

That kind of food is too expensive.

3.口語中，學習慣說These kind (s)of+單數或複數名詞，動詞複數。因其結構不太亞謹，在書面語中常改用另一種說法。試比較：

These kind(s)of flower(S)are very beautiful.

Flowers of this kind (sort)are very beautiful.

These kinks of deer are very rare.

Deer of this kind are very rare.這種鹿非常罕見。

4.綜上所述，這類句子有六種說法，歸納如下：

(1)口語說法有：

這種自行車是上海造的。

These kind of bikes are made in Shanghai.

These sorts of bikes are made in Shanghai.

These kinds of bike are made in Shanghai.

(2)標準說法有：

這類事情常常能聽到。

This sort of thing is often heard about.

This sort of things is often heard about.

Things of this sort are often heard about.

5.還應注意，在修飾不定代詞時，this kind(sort)常放在不定代詞之後。例如：

I have never heard of anything of this kind.

6.a kind of…與…of a kind

(1)a kind of表示“一種……”的意思。但並非都可譯爲“一種”，在對所說事物(人)不能確定其真正含義時，常常譯成“大致可以說成是……”，“類似……的東西”。例如：

He is a kind(sort)of genius(天才).

At the same time another kind of paper was developed.同時另一種紙也被研製出來。

(2)…of a kind (sort)，也有很多不同的含義。表示“同種類的”，“徒有其名的，劣質的，勉強算是……的”等意思。例如：

Things of a kind come together.物以類聚。

You bought some tea leaves of a sort yesterday.你昨天買了什麼劣質茶葉。

The boss gave his workers rice of a kind.那老闆給工人們吃極差的米飯。

(sort)用於複數，也可用of kinds(sorts)形式。應注意修飾kinds(sorts)的形容詞也應放在of之後。例如：

People eat different kinds of food (food of different kinds) which change into energy.

He saw all kinds (every kind)of people (people of all kinds/every kind.)

單元重點詞彙點撥

ing令人驚異的；了不起的

The new car goes at an amazing speed.

amazing可以作形容詞。amazed作形容詞是“被驚異”。amazement是名詞“驚異，驚愕”。常用詞組有：to one's amazement使某人驚異的是……。如：

I was amazed to find him there as well.

To my amazement I came first.

ound圍繞，包圍

Mystery surrounded the actress's death.女演員之死籠罩着神祕的氣氛。

該詞常用於被動詞態。surrounding是形容詞“周圍的，附近的”。如：

The wall surrounds the church.=The church is surrounded by/with the wall.

We found the village surrounded by a river.

The old man sat there telling stories,surrounded by some children.

The beauty of the surrounding scenery is beyond description.

另外，surrounding還常用複數形式表示“環境，周圍的事物”。如：

She like to bring up her child in healthy surroundings.她希望在健康的環境中養育孩子。

單元詞組思維運用

eties of多種多樣的

in large groups羣居

unicate with sb與某人交流資訊

with bees=make a study of bees=do research on bees研究密蜂

the left 向左。on the left在左邊

sth blue把某物標成藍色記號

to light被發現

out to do sth=set about doing sth着手幹……

through the air 在空中飛行

away on holiday外出研究

ove one's understanding of增進對……的瞭解

of the research of夠不着的地方

二、學海導航

學法指要

單元難點思路明晰

e are also other varieties that do not live in groups at all.還有些蜂根本不羣居。

(1)variety n.變化：多樣化；種種；種類。如：a variety of fruits 各種水果，make a choice from three varieties of whisky從3種威士忌酒中作一選擇，a life full of variety 豐富多彩的生活，different varieties of plant不同種類的植物。

(2)in groups一組一組的；一羣一羣的。in large groups 大批地。

2.…many more came to it one after another in a short time .不一會兒，越來越多的蜜蜂很快就來了。

(1)one after another一個接一個地(着重表達連續性，且是三者以上)，不能變形爲one…after another。但one after the other一個接一個地(常指兩個間的連續動作)，有時也變形爲one…after the other。而one by one 一個一個地，依次地(不着重連續性，而着重逐個，各個)如：

They entered the meeting-room one after another.

他們一個個地進了會議室。

We destroyed the enemy forces one by one.我們各不殲滅敵軍。

(2)in a short time 很快，不久。in such a short time在如此短時間內。

Frisch wanted to find out whether the dance told them how far away the feeding place was .馮弗裏施想要弄清楚這種舞是否告訴它們餵食的地方離得有多元。

how far away有多遠距離(帶與靜態性動詞連用)。而how far 多遠(多與移動性動詞連用)。如：

How far did you go?你走了多遠?

How far away do you live?你住得多遠?

ancer ran in a straight line,wagging from side to side.跳舞的蜜蜂沿着直線跑，邊跑邊左右搖擺。

(1)in a straight line以直線的方式。in常用於表達形式、方式、排列等，譯作“按照，以，符合於”。如：stand in a cicle站成圓圈，speak in a whisper低聲講話，run in threes and fours三五成羣地跑，in a good order井井有條地，in my opinion/view以我之見。

(2)from side to side從一側到另一側；左右地。已學過的類似無結構還有：from mouth to mouth中中相傳，from sun to sun 從日出到日落，from door to door沿門，挨家挨戶地，from day to day 日復一日地，from end to end從頭到尾(=from cover to cover),from hand to hand從一人之手到隊人之手，from time時常，不時。

at the hive they watched the wagging dance closely.他們回到蜂房旁，密切注視着搖擺舞。

closely密切地。close 既可作形容詞表“密切的”又可作副詞表“緊緊地”親近地。像這種有兩種形式的副詞在使用中應注意：一般與形容詞同形副詞不能用在動詞之前，而帶…ly 的副詞可以；與形容詞同形的副詞不能置於It be…that強調句型中，而帶-ly的副詞則可以；表示距離遠近、物體高度、深度及寬度時，與形容詞同形的副詞往往表具體含義；而加-ly的副詞表抽象意義。又如：

We flew high in the sky.我們在高空飛行。

We think highly of their research.我們對他們的研究評價很高。

set out to discover whether the wagging dance showed direction.他開始着

手發現這種搖擺舞是否表明方向。

set out to do開始幹/set about doing開始幹/set off for 出發到某地；使爆炸

up for sb;sit up with sb;sleep late;stay late;stay up

(1)sit up for sb深夜不睡以等待某人；sit up with sb熬夜照看(或護理)某人。如：He sat up for his son, who sat up with hissick mother-in-law.

他深夜不睡等待兒子回家，他的兒子通宵未睡照看生病的岳母。

(2)sleep late睡懶覺；stay late(或stay up late)很晚才睡覺。如：

I wonder why Tom never sleeps late and Mike always stays up late.

我納悶的是爲何湯姆總是不睡懶覺，約翰又爲何總是很晚睡覺。

aside,put away,lay up

以上三個詞組在作“存錢”之意時，可互換。如：

It's wise to have some money put away(或：laid up,put aside)for old age.爲養老而儲蓄些錢是明智之舉。

但put saide着重“把……這放到一邊”暫不去動它，或不做某事，而put away着重“把……收藏起來”以便以後使用。如：

Put your books are going to have a dictation.

把書放在一邊，我們來聽寫。

Put all the instruments away on the shelf so that they won't yet broden.

把這些儀器收起來放到書架上以免打破了。

an end to; put a stop to

(1)put an end to使結束，使終止，使消滅。如：

That accident put an end to his life .那次事故斷送了他的命。

(2)Put a stop to =bring sth to a stop使……停下來(說明只是停止，而不是終結)。如：

It's saining hard, we have to put a stop to the work.

雨下得很大，我們只好停工。

sb sth;owe sthe to sb

owe sb sth欠某人債務；應向某人表達……。如：

I owe her 20 yuan=I owe 20 yuan to her .我欠她20元。

We owe you an apology(=we owe an apology to you)我們應向您道歉。

owe sth to sb還可表達：應把……歸功於……。如：

We owe our happy life to our Party.(注意這時不能改換爲：we owe our party our happy life.)我們的幸福生活歸功於黨。

one's own;on one's own

of one's own“自己的”，常作定語。on one's own“獨自地，獨立地”，常作狀語。如：

We have a house of our own.我們自己有一座房屋。

He directs the film on his own.他獨自導演那部影片。

妙文賞析

A Bad Neighbor

were fed up with their neighbor. He was always borrowing things

from them.

“It's not right,”Mr,Wu said to his wife one evening.“At some time or another that man thing.”

“You're quite right,”hiswife replied,“and most of the thing he's never returned.”

“What i want to know,”her husband said,“is why can't he buy the things he needs,like everyone else?”

“Because people like us are foolish enoughto lend him what he needs,”she replied.“As long as we arewilling to lend,he'll keep on borrowing.”

“Then we'll never lend him anything again,” said.“The next time he asks to borrow something,I'll say no.”

“We must have a good reason for saying no,”his wife said,“and we must always try to be polite to don't want to make an enemy of the man.”

It was not long before their decision not to lend their neighbor anything ever again was put to the test.

The next morning there was a knock on the door.

went to answer it.

Their neighbor was standing knew he was going to ask to borrow something,and was ready to refuse him politely.

“Good morning,”their neighbor said,“I'm sorry to trouble you,but I wonder if I could borrow your garden scissors.”

“I'm sorry,” said,“but I'm afraid my wife and I will be using them 'll be spending all day working in the garden.”

“Oh,I see,”the neighbor said ,“in that case,may I borrow your golf clubs?You won't be needing them if you're working in the garden all day,will you?”

思維體操

you were to throw a stone into the Red Sea, what would it become?

is a boxer's motto?

's a 747's motto?

's every baby's motto?

答案： at first you don't succeed,try,try again. at first you don't succeed,fly,fly again. at first you don't succeed,cry,cry again.

三、智能顯示

心中有數

單元語法發散思維

測試中的定語從句疑難點

1.關係代詞在定語從句中作主語時，謂語動詞要和先行詞的性、數保持一致。如：

This is one of the books which were written by Charles Dickens.

He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned French.

注意：which引導非限制性定語從句時，往往代表前面所說的整個情況。這時which被看作單數，其後的謂語動詞應用單數形式。如：

He said he a Frenchman,which was not true.

e引導定語從句時，從句前的先行詞可以指人，也可以指物。如：

A young man from our school,whose name I have forgotten,has gone to Scotland.

This is the desk,whose legs we have repaired.(whose legs可改爲the legs of which)

3.介詞+關係代詞

(1)根據動詞選擇介詞。有些定語從句中的介詞本身是從句的一部分，這樣的介詞可位

於關係代詞前，也可位於關係代詞後，如：

I don't know the foreigner with whom my teacher shook hands.

(或I don't know theforeigner(whom)my teacher shook hands with.)

但要注意：who和that不能直接位於介詞後作賓語；有的短語動詞是不能拆開的，因爲這些介詞存在於關係密切的固定短語中，常見的這類短語有：look for,look after等，如：

This is the pencil that Ma Lili is looking for.(對)

This is the pencil for which Ma Lili is looking.(錯)

(2)根據先行詞選擇介詞。介詞和先行之間構成習慣搭配，此時，介詞一般位於關係代詞之前，它和從句中的動詞不存在邏輯或意義上的關係，如：

He stood by the window,through which he could see what was happening outside.(the window 是介詞through的邏輯賓語)

(3)有時，介詞+關係代詞可轉換爲關係副詞，這樣的關係副詞一般爲when,why,where.如：

This is the house in which(=where)Chairman Mao once lived.

Everyome knows the reason for which(=why)the High Dam was built.

I still remember the day on which(=when)we visied the temple.

4.選用定語從句的引導詞時，不能只看先行詞，重要的是看引導詞在從句中充當什麼成份。如：

The evening that people spent singing and playing music was exciting.(充當賓語)

The Summer Palace,where we spent last Sunday,is a famous place.(作狀語)

The islands of Britain that we visited last year are made up of four parts.(作賓語)

5.避免關係詞的重複，被關係代詞所代替的部分不可在從句中復現。如：

The factory where he works there is a large one.(應去掉there)

This is the factory which we visited it last Sunday.(應去掉it)

6.注意關係代詞的省略。

(1)關係代詞作主語不能省略。

(2)作動詞賓語的關係代詞，可以省略；作介詞賓語的關係代詞，如果不直接位於介詞後，可省略，如果直接作介詞的賓語，不能省略。

(3)關係代詞which在非限制性定語從句中作賓語吼不能省略。

(4)reason,way後的關係詞可省可不省，如：

This is the reason(for which/why/that)he came last for class.

I don't like the way (in which/that)he talks.

動腦動手

單元能力立體檢測

定語從句多項選擇專練

lly the thief handed he had stolen to the police.

y thing h

is the highest building .

have ever built in out school has ever been built since1994

e all the senior students will live t for us to live in

building are bright at night is our school library.

h e windows e windows of which

girl is our new English teacher.

spoke to you talded

whom hair is beautiful said something to

has two daughters .

of them are bright her of whom works as a teacher

are both workers of whom have gone to college

person is a professor.

A. who is talking to the shop assistant the shop assistant is talking to

you are talking who they are talking

is the office my mother once worked.

h which e

skirt is mine, .

e colour is blue I bought last year

h cost me twenty yuan e colour I am interested in

washing machine works well.

A.I bought last Thursday mother is eager to buy

e sides are all white is made is Shanghat

ghai is the very place .

h the foreigners are interested in foreigners are eager to visit

e live a lot of foreigners the foreigners like to stay at

is one of the best writers .

are thought highly of

e books the people in the world enjoy very much

have published a lot of books

has been given medals

two friends met again,and tehy talked about a lot of things an persons

they could remember at college.

h

is everyone likes to work with.

ne that person

is the modern hotel the visitors can enjoy all good things.

h which e

earth goes round the sun, even a child knows.

h

railway bridge will be finished in two days.

h is being built now e we visited yesterday

visited yesterday e there are a lot of busy workers

that laboratory ?

one that we visited yesterday e we visited yesterday

one we visited yesterday we visited yesterday

that the laboratory yesterday?

visited e we visited yesterday

one we wisited h we visited

答案： 12.D

創新園地

下面是一些同學們在英語書面表達中經常譯錯的句子，出錯的原因是易受漢語思維的影響。請你試一試

1.我昨天收到了你的來信。

2.感謝您的邀請。

3.在我住在你們家中期間，你們給了我許多幫助。

4.如果你有空的話，請到我們的城市來參觀。

5.祝您成功。

6.祝您旅遊愉快。

7.今晚將要舉行英語晚會。

答案：

1.I heard from you yesterday,/I received/got you letter yesterday.或者：Your letter reached me yesterday.

k you for your invitation.

e/When I stayed in your home,you gave me a lot of help.

se come to our city for a visit if you have time./Please come to our city to visit if it is convenient to you.

5.I wish you to succeed./I wish you successful./I wish you success.

you have a good trip./A good journey to you.

e will be an English evening party this English evening party will be held this evening.

四、 同步題庫

(一)從下列A、B、C、D中選出一個最佳答案

father persuaded me not to time TV all day and all night.

e;to see d;to watching e;watching ;to see

you watch the TV broadcast of the football match last night?

e ng ly

must have known the result of her maths exam, she?

n't n't 't 't

manager is over not make yourself him?

about n to n by n as

5.I'm glad to see you in fact,I know you .

't;are coming 't;have come

't;came 't;were coming

e wet clothes should to dry.

up hung up up hanged up

7. ,we plant young the young trees grow taller .

after year;year after year by year;year by year

by year;year after year after year;year by year

is a good is always the first to school and the last

school.

s;leaves come;to leave

ng;leaving ;leave

museum they visited last week the 15th century.

s from s back from s since ng back to

king you know in fact you don't is a terrible mistake.

;what ;that ;that ;what

11.I feel like in the fresh air after supper,but I'd like at home today.

lk;to stay ing;staying

walk;staying ing;to stay

12.-Where are you from?

- .

A.I'm British B.I speak English

C.I was born in Ireland D.i used to live in Wales

that the church is great.

;makes s;plays ;plays ;play

girl took of the two oranges and gave one to her brother.

ler;bigger small;the big

smallest;the biggest smaller;the bigger

be honest,that problem made me .

led;puzzled ling;puzzling

led;puzzling ling;puzzled

ything must be rman Zhang in the minutes.

arrive about to arrive

possible to arrive probable to arrive

cousin went abroad ,that is .

his thirties;in the 1990s his thirty;in the 1999

the age of 30;in 1999s thirty;in 1990's

won't get well unless you the doctor's advice.

en ow ive

headmaster would like with the boy Henry.

have words;whose name is ng a talk;with the name of

to word;his name is have a word;named

20.-How are you getting along with you work?

-I haven't made I should.

more progress as much progress as

many progress as progress like

(二)完形填空

We are often warned by our teachers not to waste time because time(1)will never return.I think it quite(2) does time look(3)?Nobody knows,and we can't see it or touch it and no(4)of money can buy is abstract,so we have to (5)about it.

Time passed very quickly.(6)students say they don't have(7)time to review their is(8)they don't know how to make(9)of their waste it in going to theatres or parks,and (10)other useless do we study every day?Why do we work?Why do most people(11)take buses instead of walking?The answer is very(12) wish to save time because time is (13).

Today we are (14)in the 20th (15)time as a person dies,his life e life is short,we must (16)our time and energy to our studies so that we (17)be able to serve the people well in the ness is the(18)of time,for it not only brings us(19),but also does other(20)to itis(21)for us todo our work today,(22)us do it today and not(23)it until tomorrow.(24)that time is much more(25).

ed ed

rtant on ible

r

nt ity tity e

k ine ine k

time

e gh

onable use ain

thing

g ng ng ing

t to to d rather better

le ous r

hless eless ting le

ing ng ggling ncing

upon k eve

te d

ld

er f her anion

th th ure ess

er ble iculty

essful enient ssary rtant

in at e

mber k ize

able nsive h ile

(三)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項中，選出一個最佳答案。

(A)

There was a time when the owners of shops and businesses in Chicago had to pay large sums of money to gangsters(匪徒)in return for “protection” the money was not paid immediately,the gangsters would quickly put a man out of business by destroying his ing“protection money”is not a modern longago as the fourteenth centruy,an Englishman,Sir John Hawkwood,made the remarkable discovery that people would rather pay large sums of money than have their life work destroyed by gangsters.

Then Sir John Hawkwood arrived in Italy with a group of soldiers and settled near soon made a name for himself and came to be known to the Italians as Giovanni ever the Italian city-states were at war with each other,Hawkwood used to hire his soldiers to those who were willing to pay the high price he times of peace,when business was bad,Hawkwood and his men would march into a city-state and,after burning down a few farms,would offer to go away if protection money was paid to them,Hawkwood made large sums of money with this spite of this,the Italians regarded him as a sort of he died at eighty,the Florentines gave him a state funeral and had his picture painted,which was in memory of“this bravest man”.

protection did Chicago gangsters give to those who paid them?

saved those people's businesses from destruction.

left those people's business unharmed much.

sent soldiers to serve them no matter what help they needed willingly.

didn't take those people's lives

John Hawkwook's Italian name‘Giovanni Acuto'was one which .

gave himself in order to become better known to the Italians

earned through his sharp practice of selling his‘protection'

needed so as to hire his soldiers to Italians

given him in telling his services to the others'

Italians regarded Hawkwood as a sort of hero .

use they couldn't help admiring his bravery and boldness

he aided the citizens in peacetime when business was bad for them

had played an important role in their daily life

he lived so long and was given a state funeral by the Florentines

the passage,we can guess the gangsters were those .

were of great importance to the poor

made the businessmen do whatever they were in need of

were always ready to be sent abroad

did harm to others

rding to the writer,Hawkwood was .

A.a sort of national hero experienced leader

C.a brave soldier C.a noble gangster

(B)

The sun had gone behind a cloud.I was very tired and wanted nothing in the world so much as to be at last I got to the gate of Hide this was worse than ever;there were buses there-high and terribly red cars,taxis and still more buses in an endless ywhere there were people hurrying past or waiting to get into the buses,while I stood lost in the middle of them.

I was ready to despair,I crossed the street on to an“island”, where I found a policeman. I took my last bit of courage in both hands and said, “Please,sir,where is Addison Road?”He began to explain,but when he saw that I couldn't understand he became helpless,too.“Are you French at school?”A few minutes later,he smiled and raised his wonderful!The traffic the red buses stood still and waited until I had crossed the road.

is the most probable reason why she was tired out.

had been very hot by then

writer had been standing lost for a long time

writer had been completely lost

writer had been wandering in the park for a long time

use the writer was made so worn out, .

wanted nothing on earth but her home

thought it perfect to stay at home

would never leave her home at all

didn't get to the park on time.

this passage“island”means .

A.a piece of land surrounded by water

B.a raised place in a busy street where people may be safe from traffic

C.a safe place that can omly be used by policemen

D.a safe place that nobody can use without permission

did the traffic stop? Because .

the drivers could understand French

aps a certain driver had broken the traffic rules

the drivers knew the policeman very well

policeman was directing the traffic

which country do you think the story happened?

zerland. ce.

and. D.A certain non-English speaking country.

(四)短改錯

is my physics has 1.75metres 1.

in the was born on November4, 2.

he is a middle-aged graduated Qinghua 3.

University in r graduation,he becomes a middle 4.

school has been taught physics for 20years. 5.

He is a success as a has been given a 6.

lot of is not only a good teacher in the 7.

physics but also opeak English and Russian very well. 8.

In his spare time,he likes reading books,collect 9.

stamps and listening , is kind-hearted. 10.

答案：(一)1.C 2.A live“實況的” 3.C。對過去肯定推測的反意疑問句用have與主語相一致。 4.B 5.D對說話前動作的陳述。 6.B 7.D 8.D序數詞後常用不定式作定語。 9.A date from=date back to 10.A 11.D 12.A 13.C 該句是爲強調part而使其提置句首，後跟that定語從句。play a part/role in 在……起作用；扮演……角色。14.D “the+比較級+of the two+複數名詞”表“兩者中最……”。15.D puzzling“令人迷惑的”，puzzled“被迷惑的”。16.A“be about to ”不與表將來的時間狀語連用。17.A 18.C follow/talk with advice聽取……的意見，ask for one's advice徵求……的意見。19.D have a word/talk with 和……聊一聊，have words with sb=quarrel with sb和……爭吵 20.B

(二)1.A 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.B 7.C 8.C 9.B 10.A 11.B 12.B 13.B 14.B 15.A 16.A 17.C 18.B 19.C 20.B 21.C 22.B 23.D 24.A 25.A

(三)1-5DBADD6-10DBBDC

(四)改爲is 2.去掉the uated後加from mes改爲became ht改爲teaching 6.對 7.去掉the k改爲speaks ect改爲collecting ening後加to