高考專題複習講與練（11）虛擬語氣

一、考點聚焦

1、虛擬語氣用於條件狀語從句中

（1）表示與現在事實相反的假設，條件狀語從句中的謂語動詞用“過去式（be動詞的過去式用were）”，而主句中的謂語動詞用“would / should/ could / might + 動詞原形”。如：

If I were a boy, I would join the army.

If the had time, she should go with you.

（2）表示與過去的事實相反，條件狀語從句中的謂語動詞用過去完成時，主句中的謂語動詞則用“would / should / might / could + have +過去分詞”。如：

If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition.

（3）表示與將來事實相反，條件狀語從句中的謂語動詞一般過去時或should(were to) + 動詞原形，而主句中的謂語動詞則用would / should/

could might + 動詞原形。如；

If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.

（4）當條件狀語從句表示的行爲和主句表示的行爲所發生的時間不一致時，動詞的形式要根據它所表示的時間作相應調整。如：

If they had worked hard, they would be very tired.(從句說的是過去，主句指的是現在)

以下表格是虛擬語氣用於條件狀語從句中時，主句和從句謂語動詞的形式：

條件狀語從句 主 句

與過去事實相反 had + 過去分詞 should /would/could/might + have + 過去分詞

與現在事實相反 一般過去時(be用were) would/should/could/might + 動詞原形

與將來事實相反 一般過去時或should(were to) + 動詞原形 Would/should/cold/might + 動詞原形

有時侯在使用時可省略if,句子則可換成下列形式，即“were / had / should +主語”。如：

Were I a boy, I would join the army.

Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded.

Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain.

2、虛擬語氣用於名詞性從句

（1）虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的運用。

①“wish + 賓語從句”表示不能實現的願望，譯爲“要是……就好了”等。表示現在不能實現的願望，從句中的謂語動詞用一般過去時；表示將來不能實現的願望，從句中的謂語動詞用“would/could + 動詞原形”；表示過去不能實現的願望，從句中的謂語動詞用“had + 過去分詞”或“could(should) + have + 過去分詞”。如：

I wish it were spring all the year round.

I wish I had known the answer.

I wish I could fly like a bird.

②在表示建議、要求、命令等的動詞suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insist request、command、order等後的賓語從句中，謂語動詞用should + 動詞原形或是動詞原形。如：

She suggested we (should)leave here at once.

The doctor ordered she should be operated.

（2）虛擬語氣在同位語從句和表語從句中的運用。

作表示建議、要求、命令等的名詞advise、idea、order、demand、plan、proposal、suggestion、request等的表語從句和同位語從句，從句中的謂語動詞用“（should） + 動詞原形”。如：

His suggestion that we (should)go to Shanghai is wonderful.

My idea is that they (should)pay 100 dollars.

（3）虛擬語氣在主語從句中的運用。

在主語從句中，謂語動詞的虛擬語氣用“should + 動詞原形”的結構，表示驚奇、不相信、理應如此等。如：

It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that we should clean the room every day.

It was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.)that you should be so careless.

It will be desired(suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.)that she should finish her homework this afternoon.

注意：這種從句表示的是事實。如果說人對這種事實表現出驚奇的情感，就可用虛擬語氣。反之，如果不表示驚奇等情感，that從句也可用陳述句語氣。如：

It is pity that you can’t swim.

3、虛擬語氣在其他場合的運用

（1）虛擬語氣在as if/as though、even if/even though等引導的表語從句或狀語從句中，如果從句表示的動作發生在過去，用過去完成時；指現在狀況，則用一般過去時；指將來狀況則用過去將來時。如：

He did it as if he were an expert.

Even if she were here, she could not solve the problem.

（2）虛擬語氣用於定語從句中。

這種從句常用於句型“It is (high)time (that) … ”中，定語從句的謂語動詞用一般過去時(be用were)或should + 動詞原形，意思是“(現在)該……”。如：

It’s time that I picked up my daughter.

It’s high time we were going.

（3）虛擬語氣用在if only引導的感嘆句中。如：

If only I were a bird.

If only I had taken his advice.

（4）虛擬語氣在一些簡單句中的運用。

①情態動詞的過去式用於現在時態時，表示說話人謙虛、客氣、有禮貌或語氣委婉，常出現在日常會話中。如：

It would be better for you not to stay up too late.

Would you be kind enough to close the door?

②用於一些習慣表達法中。如：

Would you like a cup of tea?

I would rather not tell you.

二、精典名題導解

選擇填空

1. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _______. (NMET 95)

ks broken broken been broken

解析：答案爲C。本題考查的是as if 引導的讓步狀語從句中的語氣問題，as if引導的狀語從句如果與事實一致，不用虛擬語氣，如果與事實相反，應用虛擬語氣。題中“當鉛筆的一部分浸在水中，鉛筆看上去好像斷了”。而實際上鉛筆並未斷，與事實相反，前半部分陳述是一般現在時，因而本句是對一般現在時的虛擬，用were broken。

2. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she ___________, she would have met my brother.(NMET 94)

come come come

解析：答案爲D。本題考查的是if條件句中的虛擬語氣。題意是：我在會議上沒看到你姐姐，故你姐姐沒來。因此如果“她來了”與事實相反，前面一句交代了虛擬語氣的時態是一般過去時的虛擬，所以if從句中用had+過去分詞。

3. -If he ___________, he ________that food.

-Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.(NMET 93)

warned; would not take

been warned; would not have taken

d be warned; had not taken

d have been warned; had not taken

解析：答案爲B。本題考查的是條件狀語從句與主句表示與事實相反時虛擬語氣的用法。根據下一句語境可知，他事先並沒有得到警告，表示過去時間的虛擬語氣，故選B。

虛擬語氣

1．I enjoyed the movie very much．I wish I the book from which it was made．

A．have read B．had read C．should have read D．am reading

2．You are late．If you a few minutes earlier,you him．

A．came；Would meetB．had come；Would have met

C．come；Will meet D．had come；would meet

3．I can’t stand him．He always talks as though he everything

A．knew B．knows C．has know D．had known

4．His doctor suggested that he short trip abroad．

A．will take B．would take C．take D．took

5．We might have failed if you us a helping hand．

A．have not given B．would not give C．had not given D．did not give

6．The law requires that everyrone his car checked at least once a month．

A．has B．have C．had D．will have

7．He was busy yesterday，otherwise he to the meeting．

A．would come B．would have been C．could have been D．would be

8．If there were no subjunctive mood，English much easier．

A．will be B．would have been C．could have been D．would be

9． the fog，we should have reached our schoo1．

A．Because of B．In spite of C．In case of D．But for

10．-What will you do during winter vacation?

-I don’t know，but it’s about time something

A．I decided B．I’ll decide C．I’d decided D．I’m deciding

11．He was very busy yesterday，otherwise，he to your birthday party．

A．would come B．came C．would have come D．should come

12．The two strangers talked as if they friends for years．

A．should be B．had been C．have been D．were

13．Look! What you’ve done!You have been more careful．

A．should B．may C．ought D．would

14．Without electricity，what ?

A．will the world be like B．would the world be like

C．the world will be like D．the World Would be like

15．With your ability，you out the puzzle within a few minutes．

A． could have worked B．need have worked

B． C．ought have worked D．must have worked

16．My suggestion is that the sick boy to hospital as soon as possible．

A．is taken B．must be taken C．be taken D．has to be taken

17．If we had not missed the bus，we lunch at home now．

A．would have had B．would have C．must be having D．would be having

18． here yesterday，he would attend the lecture with us today．

A．Had he been B．If he were C．Were he D．Should be he

19．His tired face suggested that he really tired after the 1ong walk．

A．had been B．was C．be D．should be

20．Do you feel that I the problem in a different way the other day?

A．should come B．should have solved C．have solved D．solved

21．0ur chairman hasn’t come yet．If he on time，we would have to put off the meeting．

A．should come B．would come C．shouldn’t come D．doesn’t come

22．He insisted that he really very tried and that he to have a rest．

A．was；be allowed B．was；must be allowed

C．should be；must be allowed D．should be；be allowed

23．He did his best in everything； he would not have been what he was．

A．and B．but C．otherwise D．but that

24．I do I could give you a hand．

A．hope B．wish C．expect D．think

25．I Would rather she tomorrow than today．

A．come B．came C．should D．has come

26．The guard at the gate insisted that everybody the rules．

A．obeys B．obey C．will obey D．Would obey

27．I her if I thought she would understand．

A．would tell B．will tell C．Would have to1d D．told

28．The teacher requires Rose by heart 15 English words each day．

A．1earn B．to learn C．must learn D．1earning

29．-If he ，he that food．

-Luckily he was sent to the hospita1 immediate1y．

A．Was warmed；would not take B．had been warmed；wou1d not have taken

C．would be warmed；had not taken D．would have been warmed；had not taken

30．Without electricity human life quite different today．

A．is B．will be C．would have been D．Would be

虛擬語氣

l-5 BBACC 6-10 BBDDA 11-15 CBABA 16-20 CDABBD 21-25 CACBB 26-30 BCBBD