第15單元重點、難點

羅玉南

考點直擊

教材：I've got some personal affairs that I have to see to．（L．57）

考題1：Thefounding of the People's Republic of China is a great ____ in history．

Aaffair鶥．business C．matter D．event

簡析：該題考查詞語辨析。affair可指已經發生的或是必須去做的事情，多爲泛指。business常指一種任務、責任或是責職要求去做的事情。matter常指應給予注意、考慮或需處理的事情。event多指重大、重要事件，故本題答案爲D。

考題2：Who will see to ____ everything returns normal before dusk？

Ait鶥．that C．whether D．it that

簡析：see to意爲“處理、負責某事；照顧某人”，to爲介詞，後接名詞、代詞。如：Will you see to the anrangements for the next committee meeting﹖你來負責下次委員會會議的安排工作，好嗎？另外，還有一個固定短語see to it that,意爲“一定注意到……，務必……”。該題考查see to後接賓語從句的用法，該詞組後接賓語從句應使用it作形式賓語，答案爲D。

教材：Maybe that is the sound that I've heard at night-the sound of him locking it．（L．58）

考題3：How about the two of us ____ a walk down the garden？

Ato take鶥．take C．taking鶧．to be taking

簡析：該題考查動名詞的複合結構的用法。此處的the two of us taking a walk作how about的賓語，答案爲C。教材：Holmes and Watson sat with the light on for half an hour．（L．59）

考題4：_____ production up by 60％， the company has had another excellent year．

AAs鶥．For C．With鶧．Through

簡析：該題考查介詞的選用。本題爲with複合結構，答案爲C。

教材：The young lady rushed into the room immediately she heard the noise．（L．59）

考題5：-Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her？

-Yes，I gave it to her ____ I saw her．

Awhile鶥．the moment C．suddenly D．once

簡析：該題考查名詞（詞組）作連詞引導狀語從句的用法，答案爲B。本課中的副詞 immediately也有此類用法。

5．The young lady rushed into the room immediately she heard the noise．

【考點】immediately, directly等少數副詞和the first day, the minute, the first time，every time, next time等表示時間的名詞短語可以用作連詞，引導時間狀語從句。

【考例】I thought her nice and honest ＿＿＿＿＿＿ I met her． （上海’97）

A． first time B． for the first time

C． the first time D． by the first time

【簡析】for the first time是介詞短語，只能作狀語，不接從句；the first time (day, year)引導狀語從句時，the不能丟。故本題選C。

教材：You were supposed to die like that．（L．59）

考查6：He is supposed to_____ to the meeting，but he didn't．

A．come B．have come C．be coming D．coming簡析：is supposed to中的to爲不定式符號，據此可排除D。由 didn't可得知是推知過去情況，而 is並未表示過去，故不定式得使用完成式，答案爲B。

教材：I can see it fastened to a nail next to the hole in the wall．（L．58）

考題7：_____ more attention，the tree could have grown better．

AGiven B．To give C．Giving D．Having given

簡析：答案爲A。該題考查分詞作狀語的用法，此處相當於If the tree had been given more attention。

考題8：The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ____ the next year．

Acarry out B．carrying out C．carried out D．to carry out

簡析：see, hear, watch等動詞常可用過去分詞作其賓語補足語，過去分詞與賓語是動賓關係。該題重在理順句子結構，句子的主幹部分爲The managers discussed the plan，其後爲that引導的定語從句，that在從句中充當see的賓語，carry out與the plan爲被動關係，答案爲C。

6．I meant to tell you yesterday, but you were not in your office．

【考點】mean to do sth．表示“打算做某事”；mean doing sth．表示“意味着……”。

【考例1】-You鷖hould鷋ave thanked her before you left．

-I meant ＿＿＿＿, but when I was leaving I couldn’t find her anywhere．(上海2000)

鶤．to do鶥．to C．doing D．doing so

【簡析】答語意爲“我本來打算那樣做，但……”。又因是在答語中，要用保留動詞不定式符號to的省略式。故本題應選B。

【考例2】In some parts of London, missing a bus means ＿＿＿＿＿ for another hour． (上海2002)

A． waiting B． to wait C． wait D． to be waiting

【簡析】句意爲“在倫敦的部分地區，錯過一班車就意味着要再等上一個小時。”故本題選A。

7．There is no doubt about it.意爲: I have no doubt about it.或: I'm sure of it.表示對某事很有把握，十分肯定，毫不懷疑。例如：

①He is an honest child. There is no doubt about it.他是一個誠實的孩子，這是肯定無疑的。

②We will be successful. There's no doubt about it.我們會成功的，這是肯定的。

【注意】 There is no doubt+that-clause.可作爲一個句型學習。又如：

③There is no doubt that he will come in time.他將及時到來，這是肯定無疑的。

④There is no doubt that you'll be warmly welcomed.你們肯定會受到熱烈的歡迎。

I doubt whether he'll come.我不敢肯定他會不會來。

8．It's time sb. did sth.意爲“是某人做某事的時候了”。

這個句型中的謂語動詞用過去式，是虛擬語氣的一種用法，實際上是“現在做某事”。例如：

①It's time we had our lessons.是我們上課的時候了。

②It's time you had dinner.是你該吃午飯的時候了。

③It's high time we had supper.我們該吃晚飯了。

④Is it time you got every thing ready?是你該把一切都準備好的時候了嗎？

9．seat的用法

1)seat作爲名詞，意爲“座位”、“所在地”、“活動中心。”如：

① The classroom has seats for fifty.這教室有五十個座位。

②Does this seat belong to anybody?這座位有人嗎？

Beijing is the seat of the government of our country.

北京是我國的政治中心。

④ The disease has its seat in the lungs.病在肺部。

2)seat作爲及物動詞，意爲“使…就座”。後面需接表示人的名詞或代詞作賓語。如果seat後沒有賓語，是應考慮用被動語態。如：

①The guests were all seated.客人們都就座了。

②Mary seated herself at a desk.瑪麗坐在書桌旁。

③ He seated us in the front row.他讓我們坐在前排。

④ The hall can seat 1000 people.這間大廳能坐一千人。

Unit15易混詞語練與析

en; tie

fasten意爲“栓磚⒗牢、紮緊”，常用作及物動詞(用於fasten ．．． to．．．結構時，可以與tie互換，但語氣上fasten比tie重)；也可用作不及物動詞，意爲“（把目光、思想、注意力）集中於……”。tie意爲“系、栓、扎”，常用作及物動詞，後接其同源賓語tie, knot等；用作不及物動詞時，意爲“打領帶、打領結”。

1) You’d better ＿＿＿＿ a red tie when you go to a party．

2) She ＿＿＿＿＿ her eyes on the child in order to find something unusual．

3) They ＿＿＿＿＿ the boat to a big rock near the bank．

4) The door won’t ＿＿＿＿＿＿． It needs repairing．

2． beat; strike; hit strike通常表示“打一下、打若干下”，不一定都是有意的；還有“打動、使……着迷、某種想法突然閃現在腦海裏”的含義；也可指“打、擦出（火），（蛇、獸）抓，咬，或（鍾）敲響”。hit指“打中”或“對準……來打”，“敲打或打擊對方的某一點”。beat着重“連續地打擊”。如：毆打或體罰；也指在遊戲、競賽或戰爭中擊敗對方；也指“心跳”。 1) He ＿＿＿＿＿＿ a match and held it to my cigarette．

2) He is ＿＿＿＿＿＿ the dust out of the quilt．

3) He was ＿＿＿＿＿＿ in the left eye．

4) They not only took his money, but also ＿＿＿＿＿ him up．

5) I left immediately after the clock ＿＿＿＿＿ twelve．

3． would do sth．; used to do sth．

這兩個短語都可以表示“過去經常做某事”，但區別是：would do sth．表示過去某一段時間內習慣性的行爲、活動；used to do sth．在時間上主要是同現在對比，暗含“現在已不這樣了”的意思；其後既可接表示動作的動詞，也可接表示認知或狀態的動詞。1) The old man was seventy and he ＿＿＿＿＿ tell me about his past when I went to see him．

2) The small village is not what it ＿＿＿＿＿ be．

3) I ＿＿＿＿＿＿ get up early last year．

4． affair; thing; matter; business

affair意爲“事情、事件”, 含義較廣，泛指已做或待做的事；複數affairs一般指商業事務及政府的日常事務，如財政管理、外交事務等。

thing意爲“事情、事物”，不管大事小事、好事壞事均稱爲thing，一般不能專指事務；複數things還可作“形勢”解。

matter側重指須留心的要事或問題、難題。

business作“事務、事情”解時，一般不能用複數，常常指所指派的任務、責任；有時說的是指派的工作或商業上的買賣活動。

1) The Foreign Office handles international ＿＿＿＿＿．

2) My ＿＿＿＿＿＿ is selling cars, while yours is studying at school．

3) Don’t leave your ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ about．

4) It’s a ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ of life and death．

Key: 1．tie; fastened; fastened／tied; fasten 2．struck; beating; hit／struck／beaten; beat; struck 3．would; used to; would ／ used to4．affairs; business; things; matter鶸nit15談談-ed分詞作定語和狀語

一、作定語

1． 過去分詞作定語，相當於一個定語從句。如：鶺hat’s the language spoken (＝that is spoken) in that area﹖ 那個地區講的是什麼語言？ Is there anything planned (＝that has been planned) for tonight﹖ 今晚安排了什麼活動沒有？ The book, written (＝which was written) in 1957, tells the struggle of the miners． 這本書是1957年寫的，講述礦工鬥爭的故事。 2．過去分詞作定語常表示發生在過去（謂語動作之前）或沒有一定時間性的動作，且與被修飾詞在邏輯上存在着被動關係。如： The questions discussed are very important． (既表被動，又表完成) I don’t like to see letters written in pencil．（沒有一定的時間性，只表被動）

二、作狀語

1． 作原因狀語 相當於as, since, because引導的從句，這類狀語多放在句首。如： Given advice by the famous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid．＝Since ／ As she was given advice by the famous detective，．．． 有了著名偵探的指點，這位姑娘不再害怕了。 Frightened by the noise in the night, the girl didn’t dare to sleep in her room． ＝Because she was frightened by the noise．．． 姑娘被夜裏的響聲嚇壞了，不敢在她的屋裏睡覺。

2． 作時間狀語 相當於when 引導的時間狀語從句，如果分詞表示的動作與謂語動作同時發生，可在分詞前用when, while, until等使其時間意義更明確。如： Built in 1192, the bridge is over 800 years old． 這座橋是1192年建的，已經有八百多年的歷史了。 When heated, water can be changed into steam． 水加熱後可以變成水蒸氣。

3． 作條件狀語 相當於if, unless引導的從句。如： Given more attention (If they had been given more attention), the cabbages could have grown better． 如果更精心一點，這些大白菜可以長得更好一些。 Compared with you, we still have a long way to go． 和你相比，我們還有很大的差距。

4． 作方式或伴隨狀語 The hunter left his house, followed by his dog． 獵人離開了屋子，後面跟着他的狗。 She sat by the window, lost in thought． 她坐在窗前，陷於沉思。 注意：分詞短語作狀語時，其邏輯主語要與句子的主語保持一致，否則分詞短語就要有自己的邏輯主語，構成獨立主格結構 在很多情況下，這種結構表示伴隨動作或情況。如： He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat．他衝進屋內，滿臉是汗。（his face covered with sweat爲獨立主格結構）