博文谷

Unit13重點、難點

羅玉南

1.本單元第49課對話中多次出現了“No,it's not him.”這個句子。

【問】這個句子中的him爲什麼不用he呢?

【答】人稱代詞作表語,在非正式英語中(特別是日常會話中)人們已習慣於用其賓格(如me,him等),這種用法很常見。如:-Who is knocking at the door?誰在敲門?-It's me.是我。-Who said that?是誰說的?-I think it was him.我想是他說的。

2.Such was Albert Einstein,a simple man and the 20th century's greatest scientist.愛因斯坦就是這樣的人,一個純樸的人,一位20世紀最偉大的科學家。

【問】請解釋句中such的意思和用法。

【答】句中such是代詞,用以指代前文所說的情況,意爲“這樣的人(事)”,它在該句中作表語,such作表語時通常提到句首,形成主謂倒裝結構,其謂語動詞的數應由such指代的情況而定。如:鶶uch is life.人生就是這樣。鶶uch were his words.這就是他講的話。

3.As a result,it appeared to scientists on earth that the stars had moved.因此,在地球上的科學家看來,恆星好像是移動了。

【問】appear作“好像,似乎”解時,有哪些用法呢?

【答】appear作“好像,似乎”解時,常指人從外表上所得到的印象。有時暗含實質上並非如此的意思,作此意解時,其後可跟不定式、形容詞或that從句,接從句時常用it作形式主語,而把真正的主語放到句子後面去。例如:鶫e appears to have many friends.他似乎有很多朋友。鶺hy does she appear so sad?她爲何顯得如此悲傷?鶬t appears that he won't come tonight.看來他今晚不會來了。鶬t appears to me that they are right.我似乎覺得他們是正確的。

4.教材:That fits the puzzle!

考點:fit的用法。

考例:This straw hat ____ me.(MET'83)

A.doesn't fit for B.isn't fit鶦.doesn't fit D.fits to

透視:此題答案爲C。fit表示“合適”,既可作形容詞,也可作動詞。如果作動詞,通常表示衣、帽、鞋等物的大些⒊嘰紜⑿巫吹確矯嫺摹昂鮮省薄H紓篢his jacket fits you well.你穿這茄克衫很合適。如作形容詞,通常用於be fit for /to do結構中。如:He is fit for a doctor /to be a doctor.他適合當醫生。

延伸:與suit的區別。suit也表示“適合”之意,但它常用來指衣着、款式、顏色等方面的“合適”或“中……之意”。如:鶷hat color doesn't suit her。那種顏色不適合她。

再看下題:-This jacket doesn't ____ me.Do you have a larger size?

-Yes,but the color is different.Does it _______ you?鶤.fit;suit B.suit;fit C.fit;fit D.suit;suit(答案:A)

5.教材:Besides his work in physics,he spent a lot of time...

考點:besides /except /except for /except that的區別。

考例1:Does John know any other foreign language ____ French?(MET'89)

A.except B.but C.besides D.beside

透視:except表示“除了……之外”(不包括在內),相當於but,常與any,no one,nobody,everything,everyone,nowhere等表整體概念的詞連用,從這個整體範圍中除去不適應的一部分。如:Allexcept Li Ming have seen the film.而besides表示“除了……之外”(尚有)之意,暗示詞有other,more,else等。很明顯上題答案應爲C。

考例2:The suit fitted him well ____ the color was a little bright.(2000年上海)

A.except for B.except that鶦.except when D.besides透視:except for +名詞/except that +從句表示引述一個相反的細節或原因,因而部分地修正了句子的主要意思,常譯成“只不過”。上題答案爲B。句意爲:那套西服很合他的身,只不過顏色有點亮。

延伸:①except雖然相當於but,但exceptfor≠but for。but for意爲“要不是”。如:鶥ut for me,he would have died yesterday.②except和but雖爲介詞,後常接動名詞或名詞。但在下面的句型中接不定式:have no choice but /except to do(不得不……)。如:Then it has no choice but to lie down.

8.13單元易混詞語巧辨

在第13單元出現了幾組同義詞(組)。對於這些貌合神離的同義詞(組),必須加以區分,否則會誤用。現將本單元的重點同義詞(組)加以對比辨析,以期對同學們的學習有所幫助。

1).puzzled,puzzling

puzzled指人或人的表情“迷惑不解的”;puzzling表示“令人迷惑的(事物)”。兩者均可作表語或定語。例如:

They're puzzled at my interest in such matters.他們對我在這樣問題上的興趣感到迷惑不解。

This is a puzzling answer.這是一個令人費解的答案。

2).be used to do,be used to doing,used to do

be used to do sth.是動詞use的被動結構,後跟動詞不定式,不跟動名詞,意思是“被用來……”;be used to doing sth.是習語,意思是“習慣於做某事”,後接名詞或動名詞,不接動詞不定式;used to do sth.是習語,意思是“過去經常做某事”,後接動詞不定式。例如:

Wood can be used to make paper.木頭可以(被)用來造紙。

They are quite used to flying in all sorts of weather.他們對於在各種天氣飛行已經很習慣了。

He used to swim in the river.他過去經常在河裏游泳。

3).the other,other,another

other無範圍,泛指“其他的;另外的”,常與no,any,many或some等連用;the other特指兩方中的“另一方”,或兩部分中的“另一部分”,如果other前有名詞所有格或物主代詞,則不用the;another泛指“其他的,另外的”,常用於三者或三者以上的情況,後接單數名詞或“數詞+複數名詞”。例如:

Mary is here,but the other girls are still out in the playground.瑪麗在這裏,但是其他女孩還在運動暢

I have no other choice.我沒有選擇的餘地。

I have many other things to do.我另外還有很多事情要做。

Give me another chance,please.請再給我一次機會。

4).be content to do,be content with

be content to do指“滿足於(做某事)”,後接動詞不定式,不接名詞或動名詞;be content with指“(對……)感到滿足”,後接名詞、代詞或從句。例如:

He is content to eat simple food.他樂於吃一些簡單的食物。

She was quite content with her life.她對生活感到相當滿意。

He isn't content with his present achievement.他不滿足於目前的成就。

高二冊13單元易混詞語練一練

本期“單元過關”講解了本單元出現的幾組同義詞(組),你是否掌握了?可以在這裏大顯身手。選擇最佳答案:1.The reason for his absence remains _________.

A.puzzle B.puzzles鶦.a puzzle D.puzzled

2.Greatly ____ ,she didn't know what to do next.

A.puzzling鶥.a puzzle鶦.puzzled鶧.puzzles

3.Lucy looked a little ____ . A.puzzle鶥.puzzled鶦.puzzling鶧.puzzles

4.He thought what you said was ____ . A.puzzle B.puzzled C.puzzling D.puzzles

5.I ____ to go to the cinema a lot.

A.am used B.used鶦.was used鶧.am using

6.I've bought several books today. ____are English books except three Chinese books.

A.The others鶥.Others鶦.Other鶧.Another

7.The hunter came in,with a bow in one hand,and an arrow in his ____ hand.

A.other鶥.another鶦.others D.the another8.Of the three foreign guests,one is from London,________ two are from New York.A.other鶥.the other C.some D.any

9.I don't like these shoes.Show me ____ .

A.another B.other鶦.some others D.the other

10.He is perfectly content ____ in a hut and paint pictures all day.

A.to live鶥.living鶦.with鶧.for

1.compare notes 與……交換意見(或心得);與……討論 如: They often compare notes with each other on their studies. 他們經常相互交換學習心得

2.do a word puzzle猜字謎1) do的意思爲“解決、找出答案”。如:do a math problem做一道數學題;do a sum算一筆數字2)這裏的puzzle是名詞,意爲“難題、複雜難懂的事”等。如:鶷his is really a puzzle to me.這對我來說着實是道難題。

3.be content to do; be content with 願意/樂意做某事鷆ontent 在這裏是形容詞,意思是“心甘情願的、滿意的”。如:I should be well content to do so.我很願意這樣做。鶷he teacher is content with the results of the monthly exam.老師對月考成績很滿意。

4.lead to 結果是; 導致(某種結果);產生鷗o爲介詞,後接名詞或-ing形式。如:An ordinary cold can soon lead to a fever.普通感冒可以很快引起發燒。

This will lead to endless trouble.這將產生沒完沒了的麻煩。

5.live/ lead a ...life過着……的生活如:鶫e lived a dog’s life in the old days.在舊社會,他過着牛馬不如的生活。

類似的結構還有:smile a sweet smile dream a terrible dream; die a heroic death 等。

1.fight for ,fight against,fight with

fight for意思是“爲……而戰”,for表示目的。如:They fought bravely for the liberation of the whole country.他們爲了全國的解放而英勇戰鬥。

fight against的意思是“爲反對……而戰”或“與(敵人)進行鬥爭”。如:We must fight against all kinds of pollution.我們必須與各種污染鬥爭到底。

fight with有“與……相鬥爭”的意思,與fight against可通用,但fight with也有“與……一起投入戰鬥”的意思。如:鶷he Eighth Route Army fought against the Japanese invaders with the local people.

八路軍與當地羣衆一起打擊日本侵略者。

2.lead to,cause

兩詞(組)都可表示由原因導致結果,在許多情況下可以替換使用。但cause更多地表示直接原因。lead to後可以跟名詞、代詞、動名詞,而cause後可以跟名詞、代詞,不可以跟動名詞。如:鶫is carelessness led to(caused)his failure.

他的粗心導致他的失敗。

His persuasion led to our trying it once more.

他的勸說使我們又嘗試了一次。

lead to也有“道路等通向(某處)”的意思,而cause沒有此意。如:I soon found a road leading to the footof am ountain.我不久發現了一條通向山腳的路。

3.leave...for...,leave...,leave for...

leave A for B意思是“離開A地去B地”,注意for不可用to來代替。如:I'm leaving Beijing for Shanghai soon.我不久就離開北京去上海。

leave A意思是“離開A地”。如:I'm leaving Beijing soon.我不久就離開北京。

leave for A意思是“去A地”,注意leave在此爲不及物動詞。如:I'm leaving for Shanghai soon.我不久要去上海。

4.besides,except,but,except for它們都有“除……之外”的意思,但用法各有不同。besides的意思是“除……之外,還有……”,是肯定的,經常與more,else,other,another等詞連用。如:Many other students went to the film besides Lin Tao.除林濤外,還有許多學生去看了電影。

besides除用作介詞外,也可以用作副詞,意思是“另外”。如:

I have no time to go to his party.Besides,I don't want to.我沒有時間參加他的聚會,另外,我也不想去。

except的意思是“除……之外,沒有……”,是否定的,經常與all,everything等表示全部的名詞、形容詞、代詞等連用。如:鶤ll went to the cinema except Tom .

除湯姆外,其他人都去了電影院。

except for着重指除某一點不足之外,其它尚可,往往含有惋惜之意。

The composition is well written except for a few spelling mistakes.這篇作文寫得很好,只是有一些拼寫錯誤。

but只能用於no one,nobody,nothing,all,everyone,everything之後,與except同義,但except比but所含“除外”的意味更明確,語氣也較強。

從搭配上講,besides,except for後跟名詞或代詞,而except後除跟名詞或代詞外,也可以跟從句,but後可以跟不定式或動詞原形 當but前有實義動詞do時,其後常跟動詞原形,否則就跟動詞不定式)。如:

He comes here every day except when it rains heavily.除下大雨外,他每天都來這裏。

He could do nothing but wait there silently.除靜靜地等待,他別無選擇。

I wanted nothing but to give you a warning.我只是想給你提個醒。

5.work out,work on,work as,work for

work out的意思是“算出”、“解出”,等於get the results of,強調結果。如:

I can't work out the math problem s.我解不出這些數學題。鶦an you work out how much it will cost to build the bridge?你能把建橋的費用計算出來嗎?

work on的意思等於work at或do,意思是“忙於……”或“做……”,強調動作。如:

He is working on a novel recently.最近他正忙着寫一本小說。work as意思是“充當……”。如:

These people can work as nurses when necessary.

需要的時候,這些人可以充當護士。

work for意思是“爲……而工作”,for表示目的。如:

W e're working for the lives of ourselves and our families.我們爲自己和家庭的生活而工作。

6.stick to,insist on

兩者都有“堅持”的意思,stick to指“堅持意見、看法”等。含有“執意不改”的含義,to是介詞,後跟名詞或代詞。如:

No matter what you may say,I shall stick to my plan.

不管你說什麼,我都會堅持計劃。

insist on有“堅持(要幹某事)”或“強烈要求”的含義,後跟名詞或動名詞。如:

His daughter insisted on coming with him .

他的女兒堅持要跟他一起來。

I'm afraid I have to insist on the return of my books at once.對不起,我得堅持要求你立刻歸還我的書。

Ex.

1.We didn't plan our art exhibition but it____very well.A.worked out鶥.tried out C.went on鶧.carried on('01NMET)

2.-I usually go there by train.-Why not ____ by boat for a change?

A.to try going鶥.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going('92M ET)

3.Mother ____ us stories when we were young.

A.was used to tell B.is used to telling C.used to tell鶧.used to telling('88M ET)

4.Egypt is famous ____鷌ts pyramids.

A.of B.in鶦.about D.for('84M ET)

5.Readers can ____鷔uite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word.

A.get over B.get in C.get along鶧.get through('93M ET)

6.Go on ____ the other exercise after you have finished this one.

A.to do B.doing C.with鶧.to be doing('89M ET)

7.Usually carelessness ____ to failure.A.leads鶥.happens C.gets鶧.agrees('90上海)8.There's still ____ water in the bottle.You may drink it.

A.few鶥.a few C.little鶧.a little('79M ET)

9.Does John know any other foreign language_________ French?

A.except鶥.but C.besides鶧.beside('89MET)

10.If you want to change for a double room you'll have to pay____ $15.

A.another B.other C.more鶧.each('00NM ET)

11.-I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.-Is that ____鷜ou had a few days off?鶤.why鶥.when C.what鶧.where('99NM ET)

標籤:難點 unit13