Unit 10 The trick

【知識點】

1．重點詞彙、短語、句型結構

1）defence, pause, sudden, uniform, calm, steal, fear, fair

2）worry about, turn up, over one's shoulder, on arrival, break into , be perfect for…, play a trick on sb. , in a flash, hold out, break off.

3）She might have had an accident.

It looks as if she meant to return.

2．重點語法　 複習間接引語的用法。

3．交際要求　 學習表示猜測、預見的表達法。 5．寫作要求

寫一篇日記，記敘發生的一件事情，詞數在100左右。

【重點難點講解】

1，In a flash he remembered everything and a plan began to form in his mind. 剎那間，他什麼都想起來了，於是腦子裏開始形成一個計劃。

in a flash 一剎那間；即刻。

2， since用法小結

1）作副詞，表示從過去某時起至現在的這一段時間，後面不跟具體的時間點，該時間點一般在上文有過交代。如：

He came to the university three years ago and has studied there ever since.

三年以前他進了這所大學從那時以來一直在那兒學習。

I have not seen him since. 從那以後，我就沒有見過他。

He left home in 1950 and has not been heard of since. 他在一九五Ｏ年離家，以後即無音訊。

The town was destroyed by an earthquake ten years ago and has since been rebuilt.

這小城在十年前被地震所毀，後來曾予以重建。

2）since作介詞用時，後接名詞、代詞或動名詞，謂語動詞用完成時態。如：

She hasn't been home since her marriage. 她從結婚後就沒回過家。

Since last seeing you I have been ill. 上次看到你以後我就病了。

3）since作連詞用時，後接表示起點時間的狀語從句，從句謂語用一般過去時，主句謂語用現在完成時。如：

Where have you been since I last saw you? 自從上次我和你見面以後，你到哪裏去了？

How long have you stayed here since you came. 自從你來這兒以來，你呆了多久了？

【注】在It is ＋一般時間＋since從句時，主句謂語動詞be不用完成時，而用一般式。如：

It is just a week since we arrived here. 我們到達這裏剛好一星期。

How long is it since you arrived in London? 你在倫敦有多久了？ 3，pick up的用法

1）pick up意爲"獲得"。如：

I picked up a very interesting book the other day. 前幾天我得到一本很有趣的書。

Can you tell me where I could pick up a good used car?

你能告訴我什麼地方可以搞到一輛良好的舊汽車？

He picked up news from all sources.

他從各種來源獲得消息。

2）pick up的原意是"拾起"、"爬起"。如：

She picked up the telephone on her desk and began to dial.

她拿起桌上的電話開始撥號。

The little girl picked herself up and went on playing.

那小女孩自己爬起來繼續玩。

After he fell off his horse, he picked himself up and said that he wasn't hurt.

他從馬上摔下後，爬起來說他沒有受傷。

3）pick up有"收聽到"、"看到"、"測知"之意。如：

Our radio picked up your SOS.

我們的無線電收到了你們的呼救訊號。

State police picked up the bandit's trail.

卅警方面探到了匪徒的蹤跡。

When he picked up a lighthouse on the hilltop, he knew he was not far away from his home.

當他看到山頂上的燈塔時，他知道他離家不遠了。

4）Pick up有"偶然、無意地學會語言或獲得消息等"之意。

Young children soon picked up words they hear their elders use.

小孩子很快就學會了他們聽到大人們講的那些話。

Where did you pick up your technical skill?

你的技術是在哪兒學的？

he never studied French; what he knows was picked up while living in Paris.

他沒有專門學過法語，他會的那點法語是住在巴黎時學到的。

5）pick up有"（順便）買"、"（順便）用車接"之意。

I'll pick you up at your office.

我到辦公室來接你。

He picked up some cakes and sweets in a shop on his way home.

在回家途中，他順便在一家商店裏買了些糕餅和糖果。

An ambulance was sent to pick up the wounded soldiers.

派了一輛救護車去接傷員。

He picked up two students along the highway and dropped them off at Oxford.

他在公路上讓兩名學生搭車到牛津下車。

6）pick up還可以做"（身體）恢復"、"（生意、氣候）好轉"的意思

His spirits picked up as he came near home.

快到家時他的精神振作起來了。

It look as though the weather may pick up very soon.

看起來天氣好像是很快就會轉晴。

Tourist travel to Australia is again picking up.

到澳大利亞旅遊的人開始多起來了。

She was ill for some time, but she is now picking up.

她病了一陣子，不過現在正在恢復。

7）pick up sb可解釋爲"偶然結識"。如：

You may be able to pick up a girl at the dance.

舞會上你也許還能結識一位姑娘。

She picked up an acquaintance with a young man on the train.

她在火車上結識了一位年輕人。

8）pick up speed意爲"加速"。如：

The speed of the car began to pick up.

汽車速度開始加快。

After a mile out of the station, the train began to pick up speed.

火車出站約一英里後開始加速了。

9）pick up還可以解釋爲"重提"、"重新找到"

They met after five years, and picked up their friendship as if there had been no 　interruption.

五年以後他們又見面了，並且恢復了他們的友誼，就象從來沒有中斷似的。

After the interruption, we picked up where we had left off.

被打斷以後，我們又從原先停頓的地方繼續下去。

4，aloud, loudly與loud的區別

aloud, loudly只能用作副詞；loud既可作副詞，也可用作形容詞。當副詞用時，loudly與loud一樣用來說明聲音的強度，意思是"高聲地，喧噪地"，只是在動詞後面loud比loudly更常用些。他們的反義是：quietly。例如：

Don't talk so loud (loudly)----you'll wake the whole street. 別那麼大聲說話，你快把左鄰右舍都吵醒了。

Someone knocked loudly (loud) at the door. 有人在大聲敲門。

注：而aloud往往與動詞read和think連用，表示真的把話說出，而不是在腦子裏默默地"說"。

She has a very good pronunciation when she reads aloud.她朗讀時，發音很好。

【語法－間接引語】

直接引語變成間接引語時要注意：

（１）原陳述句變成以that引導的賓語從句；

（２）原一般疑問句變爲if/whether引導的賓語從句；

（３）原特殊疑問句變爲由原引導詞引導的賓語從句；

（４）原祈使句變爲動詞不定式作ask, tell等動詞的賓語補足語（don't變爲not）。

（5）若主句的謂語動詞是各種現在時或一一般將來時，間接引語中的動詞仍保持原直接引語中的時態；

（6）若主句謂語動詞爲過去時態，則間接引語中動詞時態向過去前移一個時態，只有過去完成時不變。見下表：

直接引語 間接引語

一般現在時 一般過去時

一般過去時 過去完成時

一般將來時 過去將來時

現在完成時 過去完成時

現在進行時 過去進行時

過去完成時 過去完成時

（7）其他一些詞如人稱代詞，指示代詞，表示時間的詞，表示地點的詞，動詞(come)等也需根據情況作相應變化。見下表：

在直接引語中 在間接引語中

指示代詞 this these that those

表示時間的詞 now today this week yesterday last week three days ago tomorrow next week then that day that week the day before the week before three days before the next day the next week

表示地點的詞 here there

動 詞 come go

【例題解析】

例1， The police found that the house ______ __and a lot of things ______ . （90年高考題）

A．has broken into; has been stolen

B．had broken into; had been stolen

C．has been broken into; stolen

D．had been broken into; stolen

【答案】D。

【解析】 因爲賓語從句中的動作break into與steal發生在found這一過去時之前，因此用過去完成時，且 house與 break into, things與 steal有被動關係。

例2，I can hardly hear the radio. Would you please ______ ? （95年高考題）

A．turn it on

B．turn it down

C．turn it up

D．turn it off

【答案】C

【解析】本題主要是考查有關turn的幾個詞組，turn up把音量提高；turndown把音量弄低；turn on"開啟"；turn off"關上"。答案選C。

【語法專項練習――主謂一致】

1. I, who ______ your friend, will try my best to help you.

A. be B. am C. are D. is

2. This is one of the best novels that _________ this year.

A. is appearing B. are appeared

C. have appeared D. has appeared

3. The audience ________ so large that no seat was left unoccupied in the great hall.

A. is B. are C. was D. has

4. Either the judge or the lawyers ________ wrong.

A. does B. make C. is D. are

5. The number of pages in this dictionary _________ about two thousand.

A. are B. has C. have D. is

7. The secretary and principal _______ at the meeting now.

A. are speaking B. is speaking

C. have a speech D. were making a speech

8. A number of the foreign students _______ studying in our school.

A. are B. is C. have D. has

9. Three- fourths of the soda water __________.

A. were drunk up B. were drinked up

C. was drunk up D. was drinked up

10. The quality of the watches _________ poor.

A. is B. are C. is being D. be

11. Where ________ dirt, there are flies.

A. there was B. there is C. has there D. are

12. Time and tide ________ for no man.

A. waits B. wait C. is waiting D. has waited

13. Mr Wang, with his two sons, _________ in the car.

A. are B. is C. be D. stay

14. Every one of his sisters, including Jane, __________.

A. have blue eyes B. has blue eyes

C. having blue eyes D. were blue eyes

15. No one except two doctors _________ to the hospital.

A. know how to get B. knows how to get

C. know to get D. knows to get

16. Thirty dollars ________ too expensive.

A. are B. is C. have D. has

17. When and where to hold the sports meet __________yet.

A. are not decided B. have not decided

C. is not decided D. has not decided

18. You as well ________ right.

A. I are B. I am C. as I am D. as I are

19. This pair of glasses ________ my grandmother.

A. is belonged to B. are belong to C. belong to D. belongs to

20. Many a student ________ busy with their lessons.

A. is B. are C. were not D. have

21. Every student and very teacher ___________.

A. are going to attend the meeting

B. have attended the meeting

C. has attended the meeting

D. is attended the meeting

22. Plastics and rubber never ________.

A. rots B. rot C. rotted D. are rotten

23. Were all three people in the car injured in the accident?

No, _________ only the two passengers who got hurt.

A. it was B. there is C. they were D. there was

24. ________ to the zoo. We have been there before.

A. All but he and I are going.

B. All but he and I am going

C. All but he and me are going

D. All but him and me am going

25. More than one ___________ employed. At least three.

A. have been B. has been C. are D. has

26. Plastics _________ many other materials.

A. has taken place of B. has taken the place of

C. have taken place of D. have taken the place of

27. I, not his brother, ___________ the mistake.

A. have made B. has made C. has been made D. makes

28. Mother, together with her children, ________to the hospital.

A. were sent B. are sent C. was sent D. have been sent

29. Every means ________ tried but without much result.

A. has been B. have been C. are D. has

30. His clothes _________ so dirty that he had them _______ the other day.

A. are, washed B. is , washing

C. was, washed D. were, washed

【答案】

1--5 B C C D D 6--10 C B A C A

11--15 B B B B B 16--20 B C D D A

21--25 C B A A B 26--30 B A C A D