博文谷

新目標 初三Unit 4 What would you do ?

Unit 4 What would you do ?

(一)(學習目標)Language Goals

1. Talk about imaginary situations. (談論一些假設的、虛擬的情況。)

2. Hypothetical Conditionals. (初步學習虛擬語氣)

3. Give some advice with the target language. (使用虛擬句提出建議)

(二)語言結構(Language Structures)

1. 虛擬語氣(掌握與現在事實相反或與將來事實相反的虛擬條件句)

(三)目標語言(Target Language)

1. If I were you , I’d wear a shirt and tie.

如果我是你,我就會穿襯衫打領帶。

2. If I were you , I’d take an umbrella.

如果我是你,我就帶把傘。

3. What would you do if you won a million dollars ?

如果你賺了一百萬美元,你會做什麼?

4. What if I don’t know anyone ?

如果我一個人也不認識怎麼辦?

5. You should eat lots of fruits and vegetable and drink lots of water.

你應該吃大量水果、蔬菜,大量喝水。

6. What are you like ? I think I’m outgoing.

你的性格如何?我想我很外向。

(四)Key phrases (重點詞組)

1. won the lottery 贏得抽獎

2. in public 公共的、公衆的

3. in the slightest 一點也;根本

4. plenty of 很多的、足夠的

5. get along with 與…相處

6. let …down 使…失望、沮喪

7. come up with 提出、想出(問題)

8. medical research 醫學研究

9. what if 如果…怎麼辦

10. be late for 遲到…

11. be nervous 緊張的

12. get nervous (變得)緊張的

13. take a long walk 散步

14. ask one’s permission 徵求某人的許可

15. without permission 沒得到許可

16. introduce oneself 自我介紹

17. rather than 而不是

18. a circle of good friends 朋友圈

(五)語法重點(Grammar Focus)

虛擬語氣

1. 語氣就是我們常說的說話人說話的口氣。

在漢語中,語氣是由說話人說話的語調、情節等等表現出來的,動詞沒有任何變化。而在英語中,除了

語調之外,最主要的是動詞發生變化而表示不同的語氣。

在英語中語氣分爲三類:陳述語氣、祈使語氣、虛擬語氣。

2. 虛擬語氣:如果我們所說的不是事實,也不是要求、命令、勸告等,而只是一種假設、願望、建議或

是一種實現不了的空想就用虛擬語氣。

3. 虛擬語氣常用在條件句中,及其他一些從句中。

注意:條件句分兩種,真實條件句和虛擬條件句。只有在虛擬(非真實)條件句中,才用虛擬語氣,而

在真實條件句中,要用陳述語氣。

請比較:

(1)If it is sunny tomorrow , we’ll go to the zoo.

如果明天天氣好,我們將會去公園。在這句話中,明天天氣好是完全有可能實現的,並非虛擬、幻想,

因此是真實條件句。在本句中,適用“主將從現。”

(2)If I were you , I would go at once.

(如果我是你的話,我立刻就走。)在這句話中,條件句,“如果我是你”,但事實上,我不可能成爲

你,這只是假設的情況,沒有實現的可能。當條件實現的可能性很小,甚至可以說沒有時,就需要用虛擬語

氣來表示,動詞發生了變化。

4. 在虛擬語氣中,句子動詞的時態比真實條件句中的時態後退一步

即:

現在時→過去時(該用現在時時,用過去時)

過去時→過去完成時(該用過去時時,用過去完成時)

將來時→過去將來時(該用將來時時,用過去將來時)

過去將來時→過去將來完成時(該用過去將來時時,用過去將來完成時)

在這一單元中,我們只要求初步接觸虛擬語氣的用法及結構,學習表示與現在事實相反的情況下如何體

現虛擬語氣。

5. “表示與現在事實相反的情況”的虛擬語氣

請看例句:

If I were you , I would take a small present.

如果我是你的話,我就帶上一個小禮物。

(注:在這個句子中,即“If I were you 中,一定用were ,而不能用was”)

(這句話中,是與現在的事實相反,“現在如果我是你的話。”事實上,我不可能成爲你,也就根本沒

有實現的可能)

請大家注意主句與條件從句中動詞時態的變化。

形式:

從句(用過去時) 主句(用過去將來時)

If +主語+

主語+

注:虛擬語氣中的were 除了在If I were you 的結構中不能改動外,其它情況下有時可用was。

又如:

If I won a million dollars , I’d give it to charities.

如果我贏了一百萬英鎊,我要捐給慈善機構。

(在此句中,If條件句中,動詞用過去式won,主句則用should / would 加動詞原形。現實情況是我沒

贏一百萬英鎊;虛擬的情況是假如我贏了一百萬,這種虛擬是不可能變成現實的,因此用虛擬語氣。)

6. 虛擬語氣的疑問式,除了動詞相應的變化外,其他變化與陳述語氣相同

如:

(1)What would you do if you were in the lion’s cage ?

如果你在獅子籠裏,你會怎麼做?

(疑問詞在句首,主句中助動詞提前,從句跟在主句後面。)

If I were in the lion’s cage , I’d call for help.

如果我在獅子籠裏,我會大呼救命。

If I were in the lion’s cage . I’d get out fast.

如果我在獅子籠裏,我會迅速出來。

(2)What would you do if you won the lottery ?

如果你贏了抽獎,你會做什麼?

I’d give it to medical research.

我會用於醫學研究。

Or I’d put it in the bank.

我會存到銀行。

Or If I were a millionaire , I would buy a big house in the country.

如果我是百萬富翁,我就在鄉村買座大房子。

關於虛擬語氣,我們要學習的東西還有許多,同學們會在今後的學習當中,慢慢接觸到。

(六)Key points (疑難解析)

1.

bring的意思是把某人或某物“帶來”,“拿來”,強調方向,即從別處拿到說話人這兒來。

e.g. Next time you come , bring me that book , please.

下次你來的時候,把我的書帶來。

take的意思是把人或物“帶走,拿走”,即從說話人這兒帶到別處去。

e.g. Who has taken away today’s newspaper ?

誰拿走了今天的報紙?

另外,相似的詞還有get 和fetch ,表示到某地找到某人或某物並帶回來,強調一去一回。

e.g. Go and get some water. 去弄點水來。

Can you fetch me some paper ?

你能給我取點紙嗎?

2. He might not know anyone at the party.

他可能在晚會上誰也不認識。

might 的用法如下:

(1)是情態動詞may的過去式

eg. He said that I might borrow his bike.

他說我可以借他的自行車。

(2)是may的虛擬語氣形式,不表示過去,而表示現在或將來“可以,可能”,但語氣更委婉、客氣,

有時表示對可能性有所懷疑。

e.g. a. Might I borrow your bike ?

我可能借你的自行車嗎?

(語氣比may更委婉)

b. He might come today .

今天他可能會來。

(對“他來”的可能性有所懷疑)

3. What if “如果…怎麼辦”、“即使…又有什麼關係?”

這是一個固定搭配,引導帶條件從句的疑問句。

eg. What if they don’t come ?

他們不來怎麼辦呢?

What if I don’t know anyone ?

如果我一個人也不認識,怎麼辦呢?

4. I get nervous before big parties.

在大的晚會之前,我會感到緊張。

get nervous 變得緊張,get是系動詞,nervous 是形容詞做表語。

又如:be nervous 或feel nervous 均可表達同樣的含義。

5. in public 公共的、公開的

eg. Lily is very shy , and she is afraid to speak in public.

莉莉很害羞,她害怕在公衆場合講話。

6. ask one’s permission 徵求某人的同意。

without permission 沒有得到許可。

7. introduce vt. 介紹

introduce sb to sb. 把(某人)介紹給(某人)

eg. It’s my honor to introduce my teacher to everyone.

很榮幸,我把我的老師介紹給大家。

introduce oneself 自我介紹

8. Sometimes you might annoy people because you’re so confident.

有時候,你可能會激怒別人,因爲你太自信了。

9. You would also rather stay at home and read a good book than go to a party.

你可能寧願呆在家裏讀書,也不願去參加晚會。

rather …than …寧願…也不…(注:than與形容詞比較級無關)

rather , than 既可分開用,也可合在一起用,譯成“而不是”

如:

(1)rather die than surrender 寧死不屈

(2)I , rather than you , should do the work .

該做這個工作的是我,而不是你。

10. in the slightest 根本,一點也

eg. Social situations don’t bother you in the slightest.

社會環境根本影響(干擾)不了你。

11. plenty of 充足的、大量的

12. enjoy the company of other people. 享受他人的陪伴

13. a circle of good friends. 朋友圈子

14. let sb down 使(某人)失望、沮喪

15. come up with 提出問題

【模擬試題】

一. 寫出下列詞組

1. 一點也、根本不_________

2. 與…相處_________

3. 使…失望、沮喪_________

4. 如果…怎麼辦_________

5. 贏得抽獎_________

6. 變得緊張_________

7. 徵求某人的許可_________

8. 寧可…也不…_________

9. 遲到_________

10. 公共的、公衆的_________

二. 補充完整下面虛擬語氣的句子,(注意區分主句與從句的位置變化)

1. I’d be a millionaire if __________________________

2. If I had more free time. __________________________

3. If I were you . __________________________

4. She would buy that if __________________________

5. If my house were on fire. __________________________

6. I’d travel around the world if __________________________

7. If I could change one thing about my life. __________________________

8. I wouldn’t do that if __________________________

9. If I could make three wishes. __________________________

10. I would be a better student if __________________________

三. 根據不同情境,首先判斷這個情景是真實可能發生的,還是虛擬的,然後填空。

Situation A

EXAMPLE : Gao is a doctor , but if he were (be)a truck driver, he would have (have)

very different skills.

(Gao不可能是個卡車司機,因此這個情境是虛擬的)

2. Gao’s wife is a doctor , too , but she is planning to change her career . If she

_________ (change)her career , she ___________ (study)to become a lawyer.

Situation B

3. Antonieta is Brazilian , but she has lived in the United States and New Zealand , so she

speaks excellent English . If she __________ (stay)in Brazil , her English _________ (not)

(be)so good.

4. However , Antonieta _______ (speak)French too if she _________ (move)to France next

year.

Situation C

5. Mary’s car is old . If it ________(break down), she ________ (buy)a new one.

6. Because Mary has a car , she has driven to school every day this term . But if she

_______ (not)(have)a car , she ________ (take)the bus.

Situation D

7. Marcia has applied to graduate school . She _______ (start)school next fall if she

_____(get)accepted.

8. When Marcia was twenty-one , she quit school for several years to get married and raise a

family . If she ________ (continue)her studies instead of raising a family , she _____

(begin)graduate school a long time ago.

四. 假設你現在在一個孤島上,除了圖中所示的物品,你一無所有,你該怎麼辦?完成下題。

Imagine you are on a desert island . You have nothing with you except these objects . What

would you do with them ?

If we were on a desert island , we would use this to

_______ . We would _______ with this

If we had this with us on the island , , we would use it to

___________ . With this , , we

_____________ . And finally , we _________ with this

五. 看圖

What would you do if you were in prison ? At least 5 sentences .

假設你在監獄裏,你做些什麼?

【試題答案】

一. 1. in the slightest

2. get along with

3. let sb down

4. what if

5. won the lottery

6. get nervous

7. ask one’s permission

8. rather …than …

9. be late for

10. in public

二. Answers will vary . 答案可多種多樣,但必須符合虛擬語氣的結構

eg. I’d be a millionaire if I won the lottery.

三. 2. changes will study (真實的)

3. had stayed would not be (虛擬)

4. will speak / moves (or would speak / moved)(真實或虛擬均可)

5. breaks down will buy (真實的)

6. did not have would take (虛擬的)

7. will start gets accepted (真實的)

8. had continued would have begun (虛擬)

四. The objects are knife , sock , fishhook , rope , plastic bags .

Answers will vary.

五. Answers will vary.

標籤:Unit 目標 初三