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2005-2006年度高考複習教案 Unit10 Book1A

Unit 10 The world around us

2005-2006年度高考複習教案 Unit10 Book1A

Teaching Aims and Demands:

1. Key words:valuable, reduce, respond, amount, harmful

2. Important phrases: in danger, die out, as a result of, lead to, take measures, adpapt to, devote… to, throw away, make a difference, at present

3. Classic Patterns: without短語相當於條件狀語從句 / It won’t be …. Before…./ It will be … before….

4. Differences between words and phrases:

1) Common /usual / ordinary / normal

2)no longer/ not… any longer/ no more / not … any more

5. Grammar: direct and indirect speech

6. Communicative phrases:

Reasons and results

Teaching Steps:

Step 1 Have a dictation of the words and expressions.

Step 2 Translate the following sentences with the words and expressions in the text.

Step 3. language points.

1. valuable adj, 。 value 同義詞:expensive, priceless(無價的) 反義詞:valueless( 不值錢的)

cf. agreeable(使人愉快的),lovable(可愛的), suitable(適當的)

2。Reduce vt/vi vt爲減少;縮減 reduce air pollution vi爲lose weight I’m trying to reduce.

同義詞:decrease 反義詞:increase

ond ( to ) vi 回答, 對。。。。。。做出反應; n. response respond to a question 答覆問題

He responded to my suggestion with a smile.他對我的建議報以微笑。

She responded quickly to the medicine.他吃完藥後病情很快有所好轉。

解題警示

respond爲不及物動詞,常接介詞to,表示“對……迴應”。

表示‘‘以……(方式)回答;響應”,要用介詞with和by

make no response不回答。

4.amount n.& vi

(1)n.數量,數額;總數,總額

(2)vi (與介詞to連用)總計;等於

the amount of+n.[u]……的量

a large amount of [u]大量的

large amounts of

the number of+n (pl.)……的數目

a large number of +n (pl.)大量的

numbers of +n(pl.)

What is the amount of this? 這總共是多少?

Large amounts of money was wasted.大量的金錢被浪費掉了。

Their traveling expenses amount to seven hundred dollars.他們的旅行花費總共是700美元。

解題警示

large amounts of或a large amount of常與不可數名詞連用。

5.harmful adj有害的。harmful是harm的形容詞。be harmful to sb./sth.表示“對……有害”。

Smoking is harmful to health.吸菸對健康有害。

Freezing winter is harmful to orange trees.冰冷的冬天對橘子樹是有害的。

解題警示:

同義詞:hurtful adj有害的

反義詞:beneficial,harmless adj有益的;無害的

二、重點短語

6. in danger在危險中;垂危

danger n.危險

dangerous血彤危險的

in danger(of...)處於危險之中;out of danger脫離危險

The man suddenly realized that he was in danger.

這個男子突然意識到自己處於危險之中。

His life was in danger.他生命垂危。

解題警示:

in danger和dangerous

in danger指某人(物)處於危險狀態下;dangerous指某人(物/事)是“危險的”,即可能給他人(物)造成或帶來危險

7. die out絕種,滅絕;熄滅;(風俗、習慣等)逐漸消失

die off(家族、種族等)相繼死亡;(草木)先後枯死

die away(聲音、光線、風等)漸弱,漸息,平息

die down(火、光線、興奮、暴風雨等)漸弱,漸息;(聲音)靜下來

die of指死於疾病、衰老、飢餓、悲傷等

die from指由於外傷、外界原因、粗心、不注意、勞累過度等前死

Scientists said that those plants died out a century ago.

科學家們說那些植物一個世紀前就絕種了。

Many old customs are dying out.許多古老的風俗正逐漸消失。

解題警示: ,

die的現在分詞形式爲dying.die out不用於被動語態。

8 . as a(the)result of…由於……的原因

as a result結果,因此

result(vi) from因……而引起

result(vi) in(=cause)導致;致使

He ate some bad fish.As a result,he fell i11.他吃了一些變質的魚,結果生病了。

His failure resulted from his carelessness.他的失敗是粗心造成的。

解題警示:

as a result後接結果,as a (the) result of接原因。

9.1ead to/lead…to

1ead to sth.導致;造成(=cause)

lead to doing sth.導致做……

lead sb.to+名詞引某人到……

Too much work and too little rest often leads to illness.

工作時間太長而休息不好容易生病。

What led you to the conclusion?是什麼使你得出這個結論的?

解題警示:

lead to中的to爲介詞,後接名詞或動名詞作賓語。

10.take measures採取措施

【拓展】measure有以下常見用法:

measure n.& v.

(1)[c]計量單位,措施;[u]尺寸 ‘

(2)執測量,計量;有……的尺寸;斟酌,權衡,仔細考慮

與measure構成的短語:

make clothes to one's own measure量體裁衣

take measures(to do sth.)採取措施(做……)

take measures against sth.採取措施反對/制止……

解題警示:

measure作“措施,手段”講時常用複數形式。

【考題】(2004年天津完形)I realized strength and courage aren't always______in medals and victories,but in the struggles we overcome.

A.measured B.praised C. tested D.increased

A從下文判斷此處爲作者認識到參賽的真正意義和評價選手的標準,“力量和勇氣不是透過金牌和勝利來衡量的”。

t to(使)適應;(使)適合

adapt to sth./sb.適應某物/某人

adapt sth./sb.to sth./sb.使某物/某人適應某物/某人

adapt oneself to…使自己適應某事

adapt from…根據……改寫/改編

【考題】(2004年朝陽區統考)The foreigners from Canada adapted themselves_______the hot weather.

A.to B.into C.on D.about

A adapt…to...“使……適應…””,固定結構。

When he moved to Canada。the children adapted to the change very well

他移居加拿大後孩子們能很好地適應變化。 ’

This novel has been adapted for radio from the Russian original

這部小說已由俄文原著改編成無線電廣播節目。

解題警示:

adapt與adopt(採納)很容易混淆。

12.devote vt(與to連用)獻身;專心於

oneself

time

devote one's life to (prep) sth 把……用在;把……獻給

money doing sth.把……用在;把……獻給

energy

sb.be devoted to專心致志於;忠於;很喜歡

He is devoted to the study of the language.他專心致志地學習語言。

解題警示:

look forward to.be/get used to,stick to,get down to(開始着手做某事),。bject to(反對)以上短語中的to都是介詞,後面只能接n./doing

【考題】(2004年濟南模擬)It is sleeping late in the morning that_______ being late for work.

A.devotes to B.sticks to C.refers to D.1eads to

Key:D devote oneself to(=be devoted to)獻身於,;stick to堅持;referto提及;參考;它們都不合句意。lead to中的to爲介詞,該句爲強調句型,即Sleeping late in the morning leads to being late for work的強調形式。

【考題】(2001年上海)Her son,to whom she was so________ went abroad ten years ago.

A.1oved B.cared C.devoted D.affected

C 本題考查動詞搭配及介詞+關係代詞引導定語從句的用法。be devoted to…意爲“專心致志於,獻身於,熱愛”,其中to是介詞。判定C選項的關鍵是前面to whom中的“to”。句意爲:她兒子十年前出國了,她非常愛她的兒子。

13.throw at向……扔去

throw up吐出(食物),嘔吐

throw away扔掉,拋棄;錯過;不利用;浪費掉,白費

Every day.people throw away a l。t。f waste things.每天人們都會扔掉很多垃圾。

解題警示:

許多考生把“嘔吐’’錯譯成"throw out(扔掉;拒絕接收)”。

14.at present=now/at the present time

for the present暫時;眼前

up to/until the present直到現在

三、經典句型

15.without短語without air,water and sunlight相當於:If there were no air,water and sunlight這個虛擬條件從句。

當虛擬語氣表示與現在事實相反時,從句的謂語動詞用“過去式(be的過去式用were)”,主句的謂語動詞用“would/could/should+動詞原形”構成。 ..

we human beings could not survive without all the plants and animals around us。

如果我們周圍沒有植物和動物,人類就不能生存。

This kind of animal can live many days without food or water

這種動物沒有食物和水也能生存許多天。

We can't live without food and water.我們離開了食物和水不能生存。

解題警示:

在肯定句中,當介詞without後有兩個以上賓語時,賓語間的連詞用or;在否定句中,則用and.

16. It won't be…before...用不了(多長時間)就會……

It will be…before…得過(多長時間)才……

It wasn't…before…沒過(多長時間)就……

It was...before…過了(多長時間)才……

It won't be long before we meet again.要不了多久我們會再見面的。

It will be three months before I see him one more time.

得過三個月,我才能再看見他一次。

The house had fallen down before he had time to rush in to save the boy

沒等他有時間衝進房子救那個孩子,房子就倒了。

解題警示:

從屬連詞before最基本的意思是“在……之前”。但在具體的句子中,譯法多種多樣,可譯爲“……才……”;“……就……”;“還沒有……就……”;“沒等……就……”。before引導的狀語從句中不能使用表示將來的will。

四、詞餒辨析

17.common/usual/ordinary/normal

這四個詞(特別是前三個)有時有通用的情況,但各自還是有各自的側重點:

common意爲“普遍的、常見的、共有的”,具有時常發生、出現頻率高、範圍廣的含義; ’

usual意爲“通常的、一貫的、平常的”,指在某一地方、某一時間或某人身上平時常見的;

ordinary意爲“普遍的,平凡的”,主要指人平凡或事物合乎常規,並不特殊,沒有什麼突出特點;

normal意爲“正常的,常規的”,指在正常範圍之內。

解題警示

common強調“普遍性”和“範圍”,usual強調“常規性”,表達“時間”方面的概念。

18.no longer/not...any longer/no more/not…any more

no longer=not…any longer不再(現在與以前不同)

no more=not…any more二者都有“不再”的含義

解題警示:

在表示“(時間上、動作或狀態持續上)不再”時,常用no longer,較少使用no more

在表示“(數量上、動作反覆上)不再”時,常用no more.

五、語法要點

19.直接引語和間接引語(複習)(略)(見第1講和第2講)

六、交際用語

20.原因和結果(Causes and effects):

Why…? Because/As/Since….

Because of...,I…. If…,then….

As a result of.… It follows that….

It will use…. It will lead to…. ’

一Why didn't you call me last night?你昨天晚上爲什麼沒給我打電話?

一Because 1 went out.因爲我出去了。

If we don't stop killing the bird.then it will die out soon.

假如我們不停止獵殺這種鳥,那麼不久它就會絕種。