人教版 2005年高考複習教案Unit 2 Book 1A

2005年高考複習教案Unit 2 Book 1A

Unit 2 English around the world

Aims and demands:

Key Words and expressions: majority, total, equal, situation, trade, communicate, compare, make oneself at home, stay up, end up with, bring in, a good many, have a good knowledge of

Sentence Patterns: with + 複合結構/強調句型及其用法

Differences of some words and expressions:

one time / at a time/ at the same time

2. except, except for, except that (when．．．), but, besides

Step 1 Have a dictation of some words and expressions.

Step 2 Translate the following into English:

1.大多數中國學生學英語。通曉英語對我們來說是非常重要的。

The majority of the students in China learn English. It is very important for us to have a good knowledge of English.

2.我們學校有許多學生，數目大約是5000人。

There are a number of students in our school, and the number of the students is about 5000.

3.老師拿着書走進教室。

The teacher came into the classroom with a book in his hand/ book in hand

4。他們高度相等，但是我認爲Mary能夠勝任這份工作。

They are of equal height, but I think Mary is equal to the job.

5.正是老師的幫助我的英語成績進步了。

It is with the help of my teacher that I have made great progress in my English.

Step 3 Key words:

1.a/the majority of people/ the student

most of the students

2. total n. v. adj. in total= in all/ altogether/ totally

a total of 總數，總共

v. add up to/ come to / reach (a total of)

Our expenses reached a total of 20 dollars。

In total，there are 250,000 books in the library.

The visitors totaled 130.

3．equal adj.相等的，平等的，勝任的，由能力的； vt.與。。。。。相等； 比得上

be equal to He is equal to (doing)this task.( 勝任的)

None of us can equal her.(比得上)

4. situation n.狀況，處境； 形勢。

get into / out of a difficult situation 陷入/擺脫困境

cf. in a bad state of

e n. v

trade in fruit (從事。。。貿易)

trade with European countries(和。。。做貿易)=exchange with

vt。 Trade ...= (拿。。。交換。。。)

6．Make oneself at home/ make oneself done

help yourself to fish

be/ feel at home隨便； 自由自在；熟悉，自如

He is becoming more and more at home with this language.

the news at home and abroad

up 挺住，不倒； 熬夜=sit up

stay in/ out 呆在家裏/戶外

stay on 繼續停留，保持

stay the same (as)

8．bring about =cause, result in, lead to帶來，引起，導致

bring along 攜帶

bring down 使倒下,使下降

bring forth 使產生,引起,提出

bring forward 提出建議=put forward/提前

bring in =get in the pops使得到某種收入 ，引進，收進，吸收

bring back to one's mind 使回想起

bring sb. back to life 使某人起死回生

bring sb up 撫養某人,教育

bring sth up 提出

bring up 嘔吐；

bring on 引起；導致；使進步，使發展

bring to an end 結束=come to an end

bring into effect 使生效，實行

bring to operation …實施；使執行

bring out 使…顯示出來；出版

9．Come about：happen

It came about like this/ in this way: 事情就是這樣的：

How does/did it come about that…?這是怎麼回事…?

How did it come about that you didn’t come to the party?

pt, except for, except that (when．．．), but, besides等表示“除……之外”的區別。

［透視］①except (but)指“除去……(不包括在整體內)”，而besides則指“除……之外，還有（包括在整體內）” ,指除去同類的東西。

②except for/that指對前文作修正說明。除去不同類型的東西；except that(when)後接從句。

［精練］用表示“除……之外”的詞或短語完成句子。

35． The suit fitted him well except that the colour was a little brighter．

36． Does John know any other foreign languages besides French﹖

37． No one knew Mr Benson’s mobile phone number except his daughter．

38． Your composition is quite good except for a few spelling mistakes．

are…with; compar…to; compared with／to

compare…with意爲“把……與……相比”，側重指兩者間的區別。

如：Compare this car with that one, and you will find the differences between them．

把這輛汽車與那輛汽車相比較，你就會發現它們之間的區別。

compare…to…意爲“把……比作……”，着重注意兩者間的相似點。如：

This song compares our country to a big family．這首歌把我們的國家比作一個大家庭。 compare既可以單獨用作及物動詞，也可用作不及物動詞。用作不及物動詞時，以compare with…形式出現，表示“與……相比”。如：

Living here can’t compare with living in Shanghai．

在這兒生活不能和在上海（生活）相比。

If you compare the two words， you can tell the difference between them．

如果你比較這兩個單詞，你就會辨別出它們之間的不同。

compared with…和compared to…都可用作狀語，意義基本相同，可互換。如：

Compared to／with him， you are lucky． 與他相比，你是幸運的。

It was a small town then， compared to／with what it is now．

和現在比起來，那時它還是個小鎮。

一詞構成的常用搭配及區別。

焄透視]at a time一次；at one time曾經；all the time一直；at times時常；from time to time間或；in time及時；on time準時；time and time again一次又一次；at the same time同時,一齊=meanwhile,together/=yet然而，但是 ；sometime某個時候；every time每當……熞導時間狀語從句牭取

焄精練]單句改錯。下列句子均有一處錯誤，請找出來並改正。

33．　Don't speak together．Please one at one time．（a）

34．　He said he'd come to see you some time last night, but you were not in．(sometime)

35．　Every time you meet the new words, that is unnecessary for you to look them up in a dictionary．(it)

Sentence patterns:

1．強調句型的運用與高考

強調句型常用於書面語，也可用於口語，用來突出說話人要強調的語言資訊，給對方以強烈的印象和感受。強調句型是高考範圍內的語法內容，更是高考命題者頗爲青睞的語法項目之一。下面對該句型的用法作一闡述。

一、句型特徵及含義

強調句又稱爲分裂句。其結構形式爲“It ＋be的適當形式＋被強調部分＋that／who ＋其它”。在該句型中，it無詞義，且不可用this，that換用；若原句的謂語動詞用了現在時或將來時，則be動詞用is；若原句的謂語動詞用了過去時，則be動詞用was。有時爲了表達需要，也可在be前加上may／might／must等情態動詞；若被強調部分是人，引導詞用 who（若強調部分是作賓語的人，則也可用 whom）或that均可；若是其它強調部分，則一律用that。翻譯時常加上“正是……；就是……”等字眼，以突出其強調含義。例如：

It is I who am to visit Hangzhou tomorrow．就是我明天要去杭州參觀。

．．．for it was in Greece that Olympic competitions firstly started．

（SEFC BIII L34）……因爲就是在希臘奧林匹克運動會首次開始舉辦的。

It must be John that／who will take part in the contest on behalf of our class．

必定是約翰將代表我們班參賽。

It might be at the party that Tom knew her．

可能就是在這次聚會上湯姆認識她的。

二、強調角度及運用

1．強調主語、賓語或狀語。例如：

It was John who／that broke the glass yesterday．（強調主語）

It is me who／whom／that you should help．（強調賓語）

It was at the gate that he told me the news．（強調地點狀語）

It was with great joy that he received the news that his long lost son would soon return home．（強調程度狀語）

It is by bus that Wang Gang often goes to school．（強調方式狀語）

It was about 600years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made．（強調時間狀語）

It was in order to catch the first bus that they got up earlier．（強調目的狀語）

2．強調狀語從句。

（1）強調時間狀語從句：

It was only when I reread his poems recently that I began to appreciate their beauty．

（2）強調原因狀語從句：

It was because Li Ping was ill that he didn't come to school last week．

（3）強調地點狀語從句：

It is where you come from that you should return to it．

（4）強調方式狀語從句：

It is as you like that you may do everything．

3．強調含有“not．．．until．．．”結構的句子時，要用

“It is／was not until．．．that．．．”結構。that後的句子要用肯定句，且須用陳述語序。

例如：

It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I recognized she was a famous

film star．

It was not until 1920 that regular radio broadcasts began．

4．強調含有定語從句的主語、賓語或狀語。例如：

Was it at the school which was named after a hero that he spent his childhood？

5．強調含有either．．．or．．．，neither．．．nor．．．，

not only．．．but also．．．，as well as，not．．．but．．．等詞組所構成的句子。例如：

It was neither you nor he that is willing to go to the Great Wall．

It was he as well as his classmates who has ever been to Suzhou．

三、句型轉換及主謂一致

1．變爲一般疑問句（把主句中的be動詞或情態動詞提到句首即可）

Was it during the Second World War that he died？

2．變爲特殊疑問句（須用“特殊疑問詞＋be或情態動詞＋it＋that．．．？”結構）

When could it be that he went to our country？

3．變爲否定疑問句（須在主句上進行變化）

Couldn't it be by plane that he went to France？

4．強調句型的反意疑問句（須和主句一致）

It was at eleven last night that I knew the good news，wasn't it？

5．強調句型的主謂一致問題（即使被強調部分是複數含義，主句的謂語動詞仍然用單數形式）

It is they who often help me with my lessons．

It was these books that they bought the day before yesterday．

注意：若強調句在整個複合句中作賓語，強調句須用陳述語序。例如：

He told me that it was Li Hua who was standing under the tree reading English．

四、相似句型及異同

1．強調句和主語從句句型（指“It＋ be ＋adj．／n．＋that-clause”類型）的異同點

二者均有It be．．．that／who．．．之類的語言標誌。所不同的是：（1）含有主語從句的句子譯爲漢語時不可加上“正是……”或“就是……”之類的字眼，而強調句則可以。（2）含有主語從句的句子若刪掉It be．．．that／who．．．，則原句不論結構還是語意均不成立，而強調句去掉結構標誌卻仍然成立。例如：

It is true that he once went to Canada．（不可去掉It is及that，否則原句不成立。）

It was on December 11，2001that China became a member of WTO．（去掉強調結構原句仍然成立。）

2．含有定語從句的強調句型

強調句型中含有定語從句，往往會給學生造成錯覺，以致分不清哪一句是強調部分，哪一句是定語從句，尤其是強調句中的定語從句的引導詞是that或who時，更容易造成錯覺。辦法是仔細分析that或who在句中的作用：若that或who可有可無（結合it be來分析），則爲強調句，否則是定語從句。例如：

It was in the lab that was set up by Mr．Smith that they finished the experiment．

（lab後的that不可以省略，因爲that作該句的主語。句中第二個that纔是強調句的標誌。）

It was Tang Ling who came from Hunan that won the first prize in the contest．

（who在該句中作主語，所以不可以省略，後面的that纔是強調句的標誌。）

3．定語從句與強調結構。試比較：

1)It is the house where I met the young man.

(where 引導定語從句，修飾house，where在定語從句中作地點狀語)

2)It was in the house that I met the young man.

(本句爲強調結構，可還原爲I met the young man in the house.)

過關練習：

1．It was at the very beginning _______ Mr．Fox made the decision _______ we should send more fire-fighters there．（96'上海）

A．when；which B．when；what C．then；so D．that；that

2．Was it _______ Tom's carelessness _______ your keys were all lost？

A．because；which B．for；what C．because of；that D．since；why

3．It was for this reason _______ her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in a small village．（2001上海）

A．which B．why C．that D．how

4．-I can't find M r．Brown．Where did you meet him this morning？ -It was in the hotel _______ he stayed．

A．that B．which C．where D．when

5．It was not long _______ he was born _______ his mother died．

A．before；that B．since；when C．until；when D．after；that

6．It was not until he finished all his homework _______ to bed last night．

A．did he go B．when he went C．that he went D．then he went

7．It must be he that has stolen Mr．Smith's purse， _______ ？

A．hasn't he B．isn't he C．mustn't it D．isn't it

Key: 1-7 D C C C D C D

引導的獨立主格結構

英語中，with引導的獨立主格結構很富有表現力，在句子中作狀語，表示伴隨、方式、原因、結果等。它不是句子而是短語，其結構爲：with＋名詞／ 代詞 ＋ 介詞短語 ／ 形容詞 ／副詞 ＋ 名詞 ／ 非謂語動詞。 現將with引導的獨立主格結構作一小結。

1． with ＋名詞（代詞）＋介詞短語

He sat there thinking, with his chin on his hand．

他手託下巴，坐在那兒沉思。

The old man stood there, with his back against the wall．

那位老人背倚着牆站在那裏。

Mary was sitting near the fire, with her back towards the door．

瑪麗靠近火爐坐着，背對着門。

2． with ＋名詞（代詞）＋形容詞

He stared at his friend with his mouth wide open．

他張大嘴巴凝視着他的朋友。

The man raised his head with eyes full of wonder and mystery．

這人擡起頭來，眼裏充滿了好奇。

He stood there trembling, with his face red with cold．

他站在那兒瑟瑟發抖，臉都凍紅了。

3． with ＋名詞（代詞）＋副詞

With production up by 60％, the company has had another excellent year．

產量上升了60％, 公司又是一個好年景。

The stupid Emperor walked in the procession with nothing on．

這位愚蠢的皇帝一絲不掛地行進在遊行隊伍中。

The naughty boy stood before his teacher with his head down．

這個淘氣的男孩低着頭站在老師面前。

He put on his socks with the wrong side out．

他把襪子穿反了。

4． with ＋名詞（代詞）＋名詞

She used to sit reading in the evening with her pet dog her only companion．

她從前總愛在晚上坐着看書，她的寵物狗便是她唯一的夥伴。

He died with his daughter yet a schoolgirl．他去世的時候，女兒還是個中學生。 5． with ＋名詞（代詞）＋現在分詞

She stood there chatting with her friend, with her child playing beside her．

她站在那兒跟朋友閒聊，孩子在旁邊玩。

With you helping me whenever I’m in trouble, I feel very obliged to you．

無論我什麼時候遇到困難你總是幫助我，真是太感激你了。

6． with ＋名詞（代詞）＋過去分詞

“I think we can leave with our heads held high,” Eriksson said．

“We came out of the toughest group, beat Argentina, beat Denmark

in a convincing way．”

“我認爲我們可以高昂着頭離開，”艾裏克鬆說。“我們來自死亡之組，以一種令人信服的方式擊敗了阿根廷，擊敗了丹麥。”

The goalkeeper left Japan with his flaws laid bare．

這位守門員離開了日本，而他的缺點卻暴露無遺。

7． with ＋名詞（代詞）＋不定式

With 10 minutes to go, you’d better hurry．

還有十分鐘，你最好快一點。

With you to lead us, our group is sure to succeed．

有你領導我們，我們組肯定能成功。

1. ______ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend. (北京2004)

A. With B. Besides C. As for D. Because of

[解析]答案是A。這是“with +賓語+賓語補足語”構成的複合賓語結構。

2. It was a pity that the great writer died _______his works unfinished. (福建2004)

A. for B. with C. from D. of

[解析]答案是B。這還是“with +賓語+賓語補足語”結構。

III. so/such/as/ the same as/that的區別。

as 的用法：

例 same… as；such…as; as / so…as…中的as 是一種固定結構, 和……一樣……。as既可指人，也可指物，常在限制性定語從句中充當主、賓、表語。as引導的定語從句的先行詞前面常有as ／such ／the same等修飾詞。還要注意區分下列兩個詞組：

1．“such．．．that．．．”表“如此……以致……”的意思，用來引導一個結果狀語從句；而“such．．．as．．．”表“像……這（那）樣”的意思，用來引導定語從句，as在定語從句中充當主、賓、表語等。試比較下列兩個句子：

①He is such an honest man that we respect him.

他是一個如此誠實的人以致我們都尊敬他。

② He is such an honest man as we respect．他像我們所尊敬的那種誠實的人。

2．“the same．．．that．．．”表同一人或物，而“the same．．．as．．．”表同種類的東西。試比較下列兩個句子：①This is the same book that I lost．這就是我丟失的那一本書。（指同一本書）②This is the same book as I lost．我丟失的那一本書一模一樣。（並不是原來的那一本）

例如：

He is as brave a man as ever lived．他是世界上最勇敢的人。

Don't read such books as are not worth reading．不要讀那些不值得讀的書。

I have got into the same trouble as he (has).

The film is so good as we saw last night.(as 作saw 的賓語)

film is so good that we moved to tears.(that是連詞，不作句子成分,引導結果狀語從句)

Last night we saw such a good film as we had expected.(as作expected的賓語)

night we saw such a good film that we thought it’s worth seeing again. (that是連詞，不作句子成分,引導結果狀語從句)

ex. 1．Nobody in our school has the same camera ＿＿＿＿ you have．

2．She is such a good girl ＿＿＿＿does well in French．

3．She is such a good girl ＿＿＿＿ all of us like to make friends with her．

BOOK 1A Unit 2語言點練習

1. _____ the survivors in the traffic accident appreciated the police before they left for their homes.

most B. Most C. A most of D.A majority of

2. I'll telephone and make sure how many guests will come to our party _______.

A. in totally B. all together C. add up to D. in total

ing can________ planes in speed and comfort.

A. equal B. equal to C. match with D. compare to

's important for us to employ a word or a phrase according to the ______ in language studies.

A. situation B. expression C. condition D. translation

D. Yes, 1 can do it myself now

5.--Where is your new bike?

--I've ________ it for this used one.

A. picked B. sold C. traded D. bought

can communicate_________ people in every part of the world.____ the Internet.

A. with ; with B. with ; through C. through; through D. through ; with

7._______ other good students, the teacher thinks Hank is ________student.

A. Compared with;a most satisfied B. Compared to;the most satisfied

C. Comparing to;the more satisfying D. Compared with;a more satisfying

was an outdoor man and could ________ himself at home in the woods at night.

A. have B. make C. let D. keep

is said that the building is made so strong that it can______ even in a terrible earthquake.

A. support B. be destroyed C. be stayed up D. stay up

meeting began ________the singing of the national song and ended _____ also the singing of it.

A. at ; at B. with ; with C. at ; with D. by ; up with

sale of the company's new product is extremely good. It has _____two million dollars so far

A. brought in B. made up C. carried on D. kept up

12._________ number of visitors came but I don't know ________ number.

A. A ; the B. The ; a C. A ; a D. The ; the

all these dishes _________ , I can't go and listen to the speech by the famous professor.

A. to wash B. to be washed C. washed D. washing

_______ he brought you when he came to see you yesterday?

A. is it B. is that C. was it D. was it that

15. Hearing that he ate twenty eggs ________, we were very surprised.

A. at the same time B. at a time C. at one time D. at once

16.I know nothing about the accident _________I have read in today's paper.

A. except that B. except what C. except D. besides that

asked me_________ knock off the glass of water.

A. please be careful not to B. to be careful not to

C. to be careful to not D. not to be careful to

s need special care _____they can live through winter.

A. because B. so that C. even if D. as

ing is an experience quite different from watching TV ; there are pictures _______ in your mind instead of before your eyes.

A. to form B. form C. forming D. having formed

20.-It's getting late. I'm afraid I must be going now. --OK._________.

A. Take it easy B. Go slowly C. Stay longer D. See you

21．It was at the very beginning _______ Mr．Fox made the decision _______ we should send more fire-fighters there．（96'上海）

A．when；which B．when；what C．then；so D．that；that

22．Was it _______ Tom's carelessness _______ your keys were all lost？

A．because；which B．for；what C．because of；that D．since；why

23．It was for this reason _______ her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in a small village．（2001上海）

A．which B．why C．that D．how

24．-I can't find M r．Brown．Where did you meet him this morning？ -It was in the hotel _______ he stayed．

A．that B．which C．where D．when

25．It was not long _______ he was born _______ his mother died．

A．before；that B．since；when C．until；when D．after；that

26．It was not until he finished all his homework _______ to bed last night．

A．did he go B．when he went C．that he went D．then he went

27．It must be he that has stolen Mr．Smith's purse， _______ ？

A．hasn't he B．isn't he C．mustn't it D．isn't it

28. ______ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend. (北京2004)

A. With B. Besides C. As for D. Because of

29. It was a pity that the great writer died _______his works unfinished. (福建2004)

A. for B. with C. from D. of