博文谷

中考英語知識梳理:被動語態

被動語態

A.熟記結構

被動語態的結構爲“助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞(p.p)”。被動語態的不同時態是透過be的時態變化來表示的,其人稱和數方面應與主語保持一致。其具體變化爲:

一般現在時:am/is/are+p.p.

一般過去時:was/were+p.p.

一般將來時:shall /will be +p.p.

現在完成時:have /has been +p.p.

現在進行時:am/is/are+being+p.p.

過去將來時:should /would be +p.p.

含情態動詞的被動結構:情態動詞+be+p.p.例如:

① Chinese ______ by the largest number of people.

A.speak

B.is speaking

C.speaks

D.is spoken

(選D。考查一般現在時的被動語態)(2002長沙)

② The boy ______ to get supper ready after school.

A.were told

B.is telling

C.was told

D.tells

(選C。考查一般過去時的被動語態)(2002四川眉山)

③ A lot of new roads ______ built in the west of China.

A.must

B.must be

C.has

D.have

(選B。考查含情態動詞的被動語態)(2002青海)

核心知識

B.明確用法

被動語態常用於以下兩種情況:

1.不知道誰是動作的執行者,或者沒有必要指出誰是動作的執行者;

2.強調動作的承受者。例如:

這棵樹是那個男孩弄斷的。

The tree ______ ______ by that boy.(2001四川江油)

(填was broken)

C.熟練轉換

1.將主動語態變被動語態的基本方法爲:

①將主動語態的賓語作被動語態的主語;

②謂語動詞變爲“be+及物動詞的過去分詞”,並透過be的變化來表達出不同的時態;

③主動語態的主語變爲介詞by的賓語,組成介詞短語放在被動結構中的謂語動詞之後。(有時by短語可以省略)。

2.被動語態的一般疑問句是將一個助動詞置於主語之前;否定句是在第一個助動詞後加not;特殊疑問句的語序爲:疑問詞+一般疑問句。例如:

① You must throw the broken pottery away at once.

The broken pottery ______ ______ ______ ______ at once.(同義句)

(填m ust be thrown away)(2002廣州)

② Where did they grow vegetables?(改爲被動語態)

Where ______ vegetables ______ ?(2002福州)(填were;grown)

D.注意特例

將主動語態變被動語態應注意幾個特殊情況:

1.含雙賓語的主動結構變爲被動結構時,有兩種方法:

①將間接賓語變爲主語,直接賓語保持不變;

②將直接賓語變爲主語,間接賓語用介詞to或for引導。例如:

① He told us a story.(變被動語態)

→We were told a story(by him).或:A story was told to us by him.

② Her mother gave her a new pen.(變被動語態)

A new pen ______ ______ ______ her by her mother.

(填was given to)(2001黔江)

2.短語動詞的被動語態:在變爲被動語態時,要將短語動詞視爲一個整體,其後的介詞或副詞不能省去。例如:

① This dictionary mustn't ______ from the library.

A.take away

B.taken away

C.are taken away

D.be taken away

[D](2001北京東城)

② She will take good care of the children.(變被動語態)

The children will ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ (by her).

(填be taken good care of)(2002鹽城)

3.含有複合賓語的主動結構變被動結構時,通常將賓語變爲被動句的主語,而賓語補足語就成爲主語補足語。注意:省略to的不定式作賓補時,不定式符號to必須補上。例如:

Someone saw him swim in Qianling Lake yesterday.(變被動語態)

He ______ ______ ______ swim in Qianling Lake yesterday.

(填was seen to)(2002貴陽)

4.不定式的被動結構:動詞不定式的被動語態爲“to be +過去分詞”。例如:

The radio says a wild animal zoo is to ______ in our city.

A.be building

B.build

C.be built

D.built

[C](2002杭州市)

5.以疑問代詞開頭的疑問句轉換成被動句時要注意詞序:應將主動句中的疑問代詞改爲介詞by的賓語,但仍然放在句子開頭。例如:

Who has broken the cup?(改爲被動語態)

→By whom has the cup been broken?

典型例題

E.注意區別

被動語態和過去分詞作表語的區別:

1)含義不同:被動語態強調動作,重點說明動作由誰完成、怎樣完成;而過去分詞作表語通常用來描寫情景,敘述人或事物的特徵及所處的狀態。試比較:

The window is broken.窗子破了。(系表結構)

The window is broken by him.窗子被他打破了。(被動語態)

2)用法不同:過去分詞作表語時可以被 so,very,too等程度副詞修飾,而被動語態則不能用so,very,too修飾,而需用much,very much,so much,too much修飾。試比較:

He was very interested in science.他對科學有極大興趣。(系表結構)

I was so much surprised at the scene that I didn't know what to do.我被那種場面搞得大吃一驚,不知所措。(被動語態)

F.牢記(相關)句型

初中教材中與被動語態相關的句型有:

1.be covered with被……覆蓋

2.be made of由……製作(發生物理變化)

be made from由……製作(發生化學變化)

be made in由(某地)製造

be made by被(某人)製造

3.be used for被用來……

be used as被當作(作爲)……來使用

be used to do sth.被用來做某事

4.It is said that...據說……

It is hoped that...希望……

It is well known that...衆所周知……例如:

①-Your coat looks nice.Is it ______ cotton?

-Yes.It's Shanghai.

A.made of;made by

B.made of;made in

C.made for;made by

D.made for;made in

[B](2001江西)

② This machine is used ______ the room wet.

A.for keeping

B.as keeping

C.keep

D.to keeping

[A](2002宜昌市)

③ 據說在南京長江上又在建一座橋。

______ ______ ______ that ______ ______ is being ______ over the Changjiang River in Nanjing.(2000南京)

(填It is said;another bridge;built)