Unit 17 Useful expressions 語言要點

1. talk of 談論，議論

We often talked of you during the holiday.

He talked again of writing a play for us.

2. out of work 沒有工作，失業

His mother has been out of work for half a year.他的母親失業已有半年。in work 有工作

Is her husband in work?

3. keep fit 保持健康

To keep fit, we must take plenty of exercise.

She goes to keep-fit classes and does exercises every morning.

Sentence patterns

But some people don’t want good agricultural land to be built on.

當不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所表示的動作的承受者時，一般用被動語態。

The general ordered the bridge to be built at once. Your shoes need to be washed. They are too dirty. I’m glad to be invited to your party. I don't like myself to be talked about.我不喜歡被別人議論。

Language tips

1. The majority of people in the town want to encourage new industry in the area.城裏大多數人都希望促進這一地區工業的發展。

the majority做主語時，謂語由of後的名詞決定。如：The majority of doctors believe smoking is harmful to health. 大多數醫生認爲吸菸有害健康。

2. I think our manager will persuade the government to let him build a new factory. 我想經理會說服政府讓他建新廠的。

persuade意思是：說服；勸導；使相信: 1)跟帶to的不定式: I have persuaded him to give up smoking.我已說服了他戒菸。2)跟into+分詞和名詞：I persuaded him into doing it.我說服他去做這件事。He tried to persuade her but failed.他試圖說服她，但是沒有成功。3)跟that從句: I persuaded Robert that the journey was too dangerous and he didn't go.我對羅伯特說那個旅行太危險，他被說服了，所以沒有去。

3. It's quite likely that a decision will be made before the end of the year. 有可能年底前就要作出決定。

The manager is likely to make a decision soon. =It is likely that the manager will make a decision soon. =It is possible that the manager will make a decision soon.

譯：他姐姐不可能來參加會議。His sister is not likely to come to the meeting

4. In the greenhouse, computer controls the watering of the plants as well as the light and the temperature. 在溫室裏，計算機既控制作物的灌溉，還控制光照和溫度。

as well as 在表示“不但......而且......”這一意思時與not only…but also…同義，但側重點不一樣。as well as 側重前項，not only…but also…側重後項。

My English teacher can speak Japanese as well as French. =My English teacher can not only speak French but also Japanese.(兩句重點都在Japanese上) 另外，當as well as連接兩個主語時，謂語動詞跟前一個主語一致，而not only…but also…連接兩個主語時，則根據就近原則: My friend as well as his parents is going to California. Not only you but also he is wrong. as well 用於句末時，相當於too,意爲“也”。如：She is not only a good teacher, she is a good mother as well.他不但是個好老師，還是個好媽媽。

5. This is a waste of money, energy and material. waste是不可數名詞，但是可以和a連用，意思是“浪費”、“濫用”。如：It's a waste of time to wait any longer.再等下去是白費時間。又：poisonous waste from the chemical works 化工廠的有毒廢棄物；The waste from the factory was taken away in trucks.

工廠的廢料被裝在大卡車裏運走。

6. The possibility that the majority of the labour force will work at home is often discussed. 人們經常講論大多數勞力將會在家裏工作的可能性。

掌握possibility的用法：Is it a possibility that you will work abroad? 你有可能去國外工作嗎？There is no possibility of his coming. 他不可能來。What are the possibilities? 有哪些可能發生的情況?

7. It is possible to work out whether you will save or lose money by increasing the temperature by 1℃. 溫度增加一度你會賺錢還是蝕本，計算機就可能算得出來。

increase to增長到…：Please increase the temperature to 80℃.請把溫度增加到80度。increase by增加了……：The number of the students in this school has increased by 1500 to 5000.這個學校的學生人數增加了1500，已經到5000人了。

8. In the fields of education, health and research, computers will continue to play an important part. 在教育、衛生和科研領域裏，計算機將會繼續發揮重要作用。

part角色play the part of (在戲中)扮演: Which part do you play? 你演哪一個角色? The part of Hamlet was played by Laurence Olivier. 哈姆萊特一角是由勞倫斯奧立弗扮演的。 play an important part in 引伸爲“在...中起重要作用”，如：Women are now playing an important part in socialist construction.

9. At present, many people in western countries spend too much money on new possessions that they do not need, such as lots of new clothes.

spend、cost和take這三個詞都有“花費”的意思，它們的用法各自有其特點。cost的主語必須是物；spend的主語必須是人，而且spend常用於spend…on sth.這一結構中。take常用於it take sb.… to do sth.這個結構。例如：She spent a lot of money on books.她花了很多錢來買書。Her books have cost her a lot of money.她的書花了很多錢。It takes her a lot of money to buy these books.那些書花了她很多錢。

10. Many people, both young and old, are against this expensive way of life.

be against意思是“反對”，“贊成”的類似表達法是“be for”。如：Every one in his office is against(for) his suggestion. 他辦公室裏的每個人都反對（贊成）他的建議

11. Take health for example. 以醫療衛生爲例。

take example意思是“以…爲例”：Take Mrs. Wang for example, she is too eager to help others.以王夫人爲例，她非常樂於助人。

12. Meanwhile, they will do their best to produce more energy from the wind and sun. 同時，他們不得不竭盡全力來開發風以用太陽能。

meanwhile是個副詞，譯作“在這期間，與此同時”，相當於“during the period of time", 如:Mother was cooking meanwhile I was doing my homework.媽媽在做飯，與此同時，我在做作業。常見的短語in the meanwhile 意思是“與此同時，在此期間”，如：In the meanwhile, I'll go for a few days to Shanghai.同時，我還要去上海幾日。

13. 掌握幾個單詞的用法：

(1) satisfy滿足；使滿意 vt. This work does not satisfy me. 這件工作我不滿意。 She was not satisfied with that answer. The story has a satisfying ending. Bruce gave us a satisfied smile. 滿足人民需要: satisfy the people's needs；滿足慾望 satisfy one's desire

(2) fairly a)相當地The coffee is fairly hot. He paints fairly well. b)公平地You should treat your students fairly.

(3) need需要，必要 n. There's a growing need for new housing in this area. The doctor says I am in need of a holiday. There's no need (for you) to come if you don't want to. 需要，必要 v. This soup needs more salt. You need a lot of patience to do this work. My coat needs mending/needs to be mended. I need you to help me. 需要，必要 aux.v. -- Need we go so soon? --- No, we needn't. You needn't talk so loud. You needn't have told him the news; he knew it already.

(4) youth青年時期 In his youth he was fond of collecting stamps. 青年；小夥子Youth today are different from 100 years ago. That long-haired youth has no manners. 注意數：the youth of a nation 一個國家的青年們；a youth of twenty 一個二十歲的青年

Grammar

同位語從句

1． 定義：用作同位語的從句，叫同位語從句，它一般跟在某些名詞的後面，用以說明或解釋前面的名詞。

2． 同位語從句的先行詞常是：news, idea, fact, belief, possibility, problem, hope, question等

3． 引導同位語從句的連詞有：that, whether以及 when, why, where, how

例如：I have no idea when Jack will be back.

We were glad to hear the news that our volleyball team had won again.

He can’t answer the question how he got the money.

4． 注意同位語從句和定語從句的區別：

The news (that) you heard is not true.（定語從句）

The news that our team has won the game excited the whole class.（同位語從句）

Language record

In this unit I have learned to say in English:

Useful Expressions:

1．大多數勞力 2．遍及全世界

3．控制作物的生長條件 4．失業

5．身體好，保持健康 6．在某人的個人生活中

7．努力 8．溫度增加1度

9．在教育領域 10．利用風生產能量

11．用其腿部着落 12．執行指令

13．把付諸實施 14．談論、議論

Sentences:

1．建造新工廠的問題是什麼呢？

2．存儲整本檔案的計算機程序已經研製完備。

3．房間裏要是沒人，燈就會熄滅。

4．很少有人投票贊成他。

5．她透過了電腦技術測試這個消息是令人驚奇的。

6．這是浪費錢和能源。