博文谷

點擊wh-引導的名詞性從句

作者:時永春

點擊wh-引導的名詞性從句

名詞性從句除可由that引導外,其餘主要由wh-型連接詞(whether, who, whom, whose, which, what, when, where, why)引導。(how雖非以wh-開頭,但其用法與when,where,why相似,我們可將其劃爲同一類型。)

一、wh-引導的名詞性從句的功能分類

1. 主語從句

Who will be elected matters a lot. 誰將當選關係重大。

2. 賓語從句

Can you tell me how I can get to the station? 你能告訴我怎麼去車站嗎?

3. 表語從句

The question is how he did it. 問題是他是如何做此事的。

4. 同位語從句(用在doubt, idea, message, question等名詞後)

I have no idea what we should do next. 我不知道下一步我們該幹什麼。

二、名詞性從句難點分析

1. that與wh-型引導詞的區別

引導名詞性從句時,that一般僅起連接作用,不作句子成分,無任何含義;而wh-型引導詞各具不同含義,除whether外,都作從句之句子成分。

It's well understood what controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out of the atmosphere today. 是什麼控制着大氣層內外二氧化碳的流動,這一點現今已很清楚了。

That fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect. 國與國之間時尚的不同,或許會從一方面反映出文化的不同。

2. what / which / who(m) / whose與whatever / whichever / who(m)ever / whosever兩類關聯詞的差異

1) what與whatever僅含義有所不同。what或表示疑問意義"什麼",或相當於the thing(s) that; whatever相當於anything / everything that, 強調"無論什麼"。

A computer can only do what you have instructed it to do. 電腦只能做你指令它做的事情。

It's generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants. 無論孩子要什麼都滿足其要求被普遍認爲是不明智的。

2) which / who(m) / whose引導名詞性從句時,整個從句作主句的一個句子成分,而從句仍具疑問意義;whichever / who(m)ever / whosever引導名詞性從句時,

強調"無論......;不管......",而且引導詞及其所修飾的詞可起雙重作用:既作從句之句子成分,又作主句之句子成分。

Do you know who all these people are?你知道這些人都是誰嗎?

I'll take whoever wants to go there. 誰想去那兒我就帶誰去。

3. whether與if的異同

whether可引導各種名詞性從句,當從句位於句首時whether不可用if替換;if一般只有在動詞後的賓語從句和以it作形式主語的主語從句中可代替whether。

Whether he is fit for the job is a question. 他是否勝任這份工作是個問題。

It hasn't been decided whether / if we'll attend the meeting. 我們是否將出席會議還沒有決定下來。