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名詞性從句句子

名詞性從句句子用法是怎樣的?以下是小編整理的相關語法,歡迎閱讀。

名詞性從句句子

名詞性從句

名詞性從句是在句子中起名詞作用的句子。 名詞性從句的功能相當於名詞詞組, 它在複合句中能擔任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等,因此根據它在句中不同的語法的功能,名詞性從句又可分別稱爲主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。

名詞性從句分類

主語從句

主語從句通常由下列詞引導:

1)從屬連詞that、whether、if等;

2)連接代詞what、who、which、whatever、whoever、whom 等;

3)連接副詞how、when、where、why 等。

that在句中無詞義,只起連接作用;連接代詞和連接副詞都在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用,在從句中充當主語的成分。注:whom、who指人,what指物,whatever、whoever表示泛指意義。例如:

What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我們說什麼,還不清楚。

Who will win the match is still unknown. 誰能贏得這場比賽還不得而知。

It is known to us how he became a writer. 我們都知道他是如何成爲一名作家的。

Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英語晚會將在哪裏舉行,還沒有宣佈。

有時爲避免句子頭重腳輕,常用形式主語it代替主語從句作形式主語放於句首,而把主語從句置於句末。主語從句後的謂語動詞一般用單數形式。常用句型如下:

(1)It be+ 名詞 + that從句

It's a great pity that they didn't get married.

他們沒能結婚,真是令人惋惜。

It 's a good thing that you were insured.

你保了險,這可是件好事。

(2)It be + 形容詞 + that從句

It's splendid that you passed your exam.

你透過考試了,真棒。

It's strange that there are no lights on.

真奇怪,沒有一盞燈是開着的。

(3)It be + 動詞的過去分詞+ 主語從句

It's said that he has been there many times.

據說他去過那兒很多次。

(4)It +不及物動詞+ that 從句[1]

另注意在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應如此等語氣時,謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣“(should) +do”,常用的句型有:

It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that …

It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that…

(5) it seems/happens+that 從句

(6)衆所周知的幾種表達方式

①It is known to us that.

②As is known to us.

③What is known to us is that.

it引導的強調句結構:It is/was+被強調部分+that/who+句子其它部分。

eg:My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.

強調主語:It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.

強調賓語:It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.

強調時間:It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab.(注意不用when)

強調地點:It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.

賓語從句

名詞從句用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。引導賓語從句的關聯詞與引導主語從句表語從句的關聯詞大致一樣,在句中可以作謂語動詞或介詞及非謂語動詞的賓語。

1. 由連接詞that引導的賓語從句。

由連接詞that引導賓語從句時,that在句中不擔任任何成分,在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去,但如果從句是並列句時,第二個分句前的that不可省。

He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已經告訴我他明天要去上海。

We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我們決不能認爲自己什麼都好,別人什麼都不好。

注意:在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command, doubt等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動詞後,賓語從句常用“(should)+ 動詞原形”。

I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我堅持要她自己工作。

The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令員命令部隊馬上出發。

2. 用who,whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等關聯詞引導的賓語從句相當於特殊疑問句,應注意句子語序要用陳述語序。

I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告訴了你什麼。

She always thinks of how she can work well. 她總是在想怎樣能把工作做好。

She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要幫助的人,她都會給予熱情的支援。

3.可運用it做形式賓語。

①動詞make, find ,think,feel,consider,believe等後面有賓語補足語的時候,則需要用it做形式賓語,而將that賓語從句後置,結構:S.+vt+it+adj./n.+oc(賓語補足語)。

I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day.我認爲每天多喝開水是有必要的。

I feel it a pity that I haven't been to the get-together.我沒去聚餐,感覺非常遺憾。

②有些動詞帶賓語從句時需要在賓語與從句前加it,這類動詞主要是:hate,take,owe,have,see to

I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food.我討厭他們滿嘴食物時說話。

We take it that you will agree with us.我們認爲你會同意我們的。

He will have it that our plan is really pratical.他認爲我們的計劃確實可行。

4.用whether或if引導的賓語從句,其主語和謂語的順序也不能顛倒,仍保持陳述句語序。此外,whether與if 在作“是否”的.意思講時在下列情況下一般只能用whether,不用if:

①whether引導主語從句在句首時;

Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有沒有生命是個有趣的問題。

Whether he can come to the party on time depends on the traffic.他能否準時參加派對得看交通情況。

②賓語從句放在句首表示強調時,只能用whether;

Whether this is true or not, I really don't know.這是否真實,我也不知道。

③引導表語從句,只能用whether;

The question is whether we can get in touch with her.問題是我們是否能聯繫上她。

④引導介詞賓語時,只能用whether;

His father is worried about whether he lose his work.他的父親擔心他是否會失去工作。

I'm thinking about whether I should quit my present job.我正在考慮我是否應該辭去現 在的工作。

Everything depends on whether we have enough money.一切要看我們是否有足夠的錢。

⑤if與whether都可以與or not連用,但後面緊跟着or not時只能用whether;

We didn't know whether or not she was ready.(此時只能用whether)

I wonder whether/if the news is true or not.(此時則二者都可以用)

⑥後接動詞不定式時,用whether;

Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 你能否告訴我是去還是留?

I can't decide whether to stay.我不能決定是否留下。

⑦用if會引起歧義時,只用whether;

Could you tell me if you know the answer ?

這句話有兩種意思:“你能告訴我是否知道答案嗎?”或“如果你知道答案,請告訴我,好嗎?”。如用whether可避免歧義.

⑧whether可引導同位語從句,if不能引導同位語從句。

The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor.我們是否請專家由家庭醫生來定。

5. 注意賓語從句中的時態呼應,當主句動詞是現 在時,從句根據自身的句子情況,而使用不同時態。

I know (that) he studies English every day. (從句用一般現在時)

I know (that) he studied English last term. (從句用一般過去時)

I know (that) he will study English next year. (從句用一般將來時)

I know (that) he has studied English since 1998. (從句用現在完成時)

當主句動詞是過去時態(could, would除外),從句則要用相應的過去時態,如一般過去時,過去進行時,過去將來時等;當從句表示的是客觀真理,科學原理,自然現象,則從句仍用現 在時態。

The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America.

All of us know that the moon moves round the earth.

6. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等動詞引起的否定性賓語從句中,要把上述主句中的動詞變爲否定式。即將從句中的否定形式移到主句中。

We don’t think you are here. 我們認爲你不在這。

I don’t believe he will do so. 我相信他不會這樣做。

 表語從句

在複合句中,位於系動詞之後作表語的從句叫表語從句。引導表語從句的關聯詞與引導主語從句的關聯詞大致一樣,表語從句位於系動詞後,有時用as if引導。

其基本結構爲:主語+ 聯繫動詞+ that從句

引導表語從句,無詞義,只起連接作用,不可省。

2.聯繫動詞可爲be,look,seem,sound,appear等。

3.主語可爲名詞fact,truth,cause,question,explanation,trouble,assumption,belief等,代詞this,that,these,it等。

The fact is that we have lost the game. 事實是我們已經輸了這場比賽。

That’s just what I want. 這正是我想要的。

This is where our problem lies. 這就是我們的問題所在。

That is why he didn’t come to the meeting. 那就是他爲什麼不到會的原因。

It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。

Raw material is what we are badly in need of.原材料是我們所急需的。

China is not what it used to be.中國已不是過去的中國了。

標籤:名詞 句子 從句