語法複習十三：形容詞和副詞 (人教版高三英語下冊教學論文)

語法複習十三：形容詞和副詞

比較級和最進階及其使用

形容詞的比較級和最進階

說 明 例 詞

一般情況 加er, est smaller,smallest

以e 結尾 加r,st larger,largest

單音節詞和少數多音節的形容詞，加詞尾er ,est 以"輔音字母+y "結尾的詞 改y爲i，再加er,est busier,busiest

重讀閉音節結尾，末尾只有一個輔音字母 雙寫末尾輔音字母，加er,est fatter,fattest

以ow,er結尾的雙音節詞 加er ,est narrower,narrowest　　cleverer,clevest

多數雙音節和多音節的詞 加more most more beautiful,　　most important　　

副詞的比較級和最進階

1．大多數以ly結尾的副詞前加more 和most 來構成比較級和最進階。

2．少數單音節副詞，加er,est 構成其比較級和最進階 。

幾個特殊的形容詞和副詞

原級 比較級 最進階

good ,well better best

bad, ill, badly worse worst

many ,much more most

little less least

far farther, further farthest,further

old older, elder oldest, eldest

比較級和最進階的常用句型

名稱 句型 例句

相等 as 原形 as 　　 (as 原形+名詞 as ) The train travels as fast as the 3:55 train.　He has not as much money as his friend.

不及 not as(so) 原形 as 　　(not as[so ]+名詞+原形 as ) She is not as (so)beautiful as her sister.

比較級+ than Health is more important than wealth.

超越 the +比較級+of the two　　兩者中較… 的一個 He is the taller of the two.

用於否定 no +比較級+than 　　和…一樣不 He is no richer than I.　　他和我一樣不富有。

用於否定 最…不過 His work couldn't be worse.　　他的工作再糟糕不過了。

程度遞增 er and er，more and more+多音節詞原級 (越來越…) higher and higher more and more important

兩種情況同時變化 the +比較級，the+比較級　　（越…，越…） The quicker you get ready, the sooner we'll be able to leave.

三者或三者以上比較 the +最進階+of/in+比較範圍　　（…之中最…） Of all things in the world, people are the precious.

比較級結構的修飾語

1．用於原級之前：

almost, nearly, just, exactly, quite, half , twice,three times , a third,etc.

John is almost as tall as you.

The river is three times as long as that one.

We have a third as many students as we had last term.

2．用於比較級前

many, a few (用於"more +可數名詞"前)

It takes many more hours to go there by train than by plane.

a lot, much , a bit, even, a little , still, a great deal, far, rather, two years, ten percent,three times etc.

It's cold this year, but it's even colder last year.

We produced 6% more grain this year than we did last year.

3．用於形容詞和最進階前

the very , much the ,by far the ,the first/second

This hat is by far the largest in the world.

Gold is the very most valuable of all materials .

位置與功能

高考重點要求

1．掌握形容詞、副詞比較級、最進階的常用句型及用法

2．掌握形容詞、副詞的原級、比較級和最進階修飾語及倍數的比較表達。

3．注意多外形容詞修飾同一名詞的前後順序。

4．分清常用同義與近義形容詞在表達中的語義差別。

此項語法內容從1991年到達2001年間共出現45次（包括上海題），可見其重要。

形容詞作用與位置

1．定語。

在名詞前做定語，爲最常見用法。請注意多個形容詞（含其它起形容詞作用的詞）做前置定語的順序。

"縣官行令殺國才。"這一句就概述了形容詞順序問題。即：

限（冠詞[物主代詞、指示代詞]數詞等）觀 （描繪） 形（大小、形狀等） 齡 （年齡、新舊等）色（色彩）國（國籍、出處等）材（材料、功用等）

an interesting English film a heavy black Chinese silk umbrella

做後置定語。修飾由不定代詞no ,any, some ，every和one,thing等構成的複合詞或形容詞短語。

2．表語。一定要注意系動詞的出現情況。這是一個高考熱點問題。

常見系動詞有：be

變化系詞： become, get ,turn, grow, go

保持系詞： keep ,remain, stay

感觀系詞： look, smell , taste, feel, sound,appear , seem ,prove etc.

3.形容詞作狀語，表狀況、原因、結果等。這也是應注意的一點。

He went to bed , cold and hungry.

4.做賓補。

N：①某些以a 開始的形容詞只做表語，不做定語。

afraid, alike, alone, asleep ,awake，alive

②某些表身體健康狀況的形容詞只能做表語,不做定語

well, ill faint

③某些以-ly 結尾的詞是形容詞而不是副詞。

friendly, lively, lovely, lonely, likely, deadly, orderly 等。

④複合形容詞的形式問題。

an 800-meter-wide river an English-speaking country a middle-aged man

副詞

位置

1）時間副詞和地點副詞一般放於句尾。如同時出現，則地點副詞在前。

They went boating in Zhongshan Park yesterday.

2)表頻率的時間副詞是高考的熱點

always, seldom, often, never, rarely, usually 等，通常放於行爲動詞之前，be詞、情態動詞和助動詞之 後。

He is always telling lies,so I will never believe him.

3)程度副詞一般放在被修飾詞之前（但 enough除外）

He is very young ,so he is not old enough to go to school.

N:有些副詞有兩種形式，一個與形容詞同形，一個以ly 結尾，但它們的含義是不同的。

closely-close nearly-near freely-free deeply-deep highly-high widely-wide 等。

以ly 結尾的詞表較爲抽象的含義，而與形容詞同形的副詞則表較爲具體的概念。

He is highly praised for what he has done. (高度地)

He can see a bird is flying high in the sky.（飛得高，具有可見性）

練習、形容詞和副詞

高考題選：

1. John has three sisters. Mary is the ___ of the three. (MET88)

A. most cleverest 　　B. more clever 　　C. cleverest 　　D. cleverer

2. The students are___ young people between the age of sixteen and twenty. (MET88)

A. most 　　B. almost 　　C. mostly 　　D. at most

3. She told us ___story that we all forgot about the time. (MET88)

A. such an interesting 　　B. such interesting a

C. so an interesting 　　D. a so interesting

4. It is impossible for so___ workers to do so work in a single day. (MET88)

A. few, much 　　B. few, many 　　C. little, much 　　D. little, many

5. The horse is getting old and can't run ___ it did. (MET88)

A. as faster as 　　B. so fast than 　　C. so fast as 　　D. as fast as

6. The story sounds___ . (MET89)

A. to be true 　　B. as true 　　C. being true 　　D. true

7. I'd been expecting ___ letters the whole morning, but there weren't ___ for me. (MET89)

A. some; any 　　B. many; a few 　　C. some; one 　　D. a few; none

8. This year they have produced ___ grain ___ they did last year. (MET89)

A. as less; as 　　B. as few; as 　　C. less; than 　　D. fewer; than

9. After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced ___ tractors in 1988 as the year before. (MET90)

A. as twice many 　　B. as many twice

C. twice as many 　　D. twice many as

10. The pianos in the other shop will be , but______ . (MET90)

A. cheaper; not as better 　　B. more cheaper; not as better

C. cheaper; not as good 　　D. more cheap; not as good

11. ---Can I help you?

　---Well, I'm afraid the box is___ heavy for you, but thank you all the same. (MET90)

A. so 　　B. much 　　C. very 　　D. too

12.---Excuse me, is this Mr. Brown's office?

　---I'm sorry, but Mr. Brown ___ works here. He left about three weeks ago. (MET90)

A. not now 　　B. no more 　　C. not still 　　D. no longer

13. If we had followed his plan, we could have done the job better with ___ money and ___ people. (MET90)

A. less; less 　　B. fewer; fewer 　　C. less; fewer 　　D. fewer; less

14. Oh, John. ___ you gave me! (MET90)

A. How a pleasant surprise 　　B. How pleasant surprise

C. What a pleasant surprise 　　D. What pleasant surprise

15. ---How did you find your visit to museum?

　---I thoroughly enjoyed it. It was ___ than I expected. (MET91)

A. far more interesting 　　B. even much interesting

C. so more interesting 　　D. a lot much interesting

16. Canada is larger than ___ country in Asia. (NMET91)

A. any 　　B. any other 　　C. other 　　D. another

17. Those oranges taste___ . (MET91)

A. good 　　B. well 　　C. to be good 　　D. to be well

18. The experiment was ___ easier than we had expected. (NMET91)

A. more 　　B. much more 　　C. much 　　D. more much

19. ___ food you've cooked! (NMET91 )

A. How a nice 　　B. What a nice

C. How nice 　　D. What nice

20. Go and get your coat. It's ___ you left it. (MET92)

A. there 　　B. where 　　C. there where 　　D. where there

21. John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes___ . (MET92)

A. open 　　B. to be opened 　　C. to open 　　D. opening

22. ---Are you feeling ___?

---Yes, I' m fine now. (NMET92)

A. any well 　　B. any better 　　C. quite good 　　D. quite better

23. Which is___ country, Canada or Australia? (MET92)

A. a large 　　B. larger 　　C. a larger 　　D. the larger

24. ---Will you give this message to Mr. White, please?

　---Sorry, I can't. He ___. (MET92)

A. doesn't any more work here 　　B. doesn't any longer here work

C. doesn't work any more here 　　D. doesn't work here any longer

25. How can you finish the drawing? (MET92)

A. often 　　B. soon 　　C. long 　　D. rapid

26. ___ terrible weather we've been having these days! (MET92)

A. How a 　　B. What a 　　C. How 　　D. What

27. It takes a long time to go there by train. It's___ by road.　　 (MET93)

A. quick 　　B. the quickest 　　C. much quick 　　D. quicker

28. ___ from Beijing to London! (MET93)

A. How long way it is 　　B. What a long way is it

C. How long way is it 　　D. What a long way it is

29. She doesn't speak___ her friends, but her written work is excellent. (MET93)

A. as well as 　　B. as often as 　　C. so much as 　　D. as good as

30. ---Mum, I think I'm___ to get back to school.

　---Not really, My dear. You'd better stay at home for another day or two. (NMET93)

A. so well 　　B. so good 　　C. well enough 　　D. good enough

31. ---If you don't like the red coat, take the blue one.

　---OK, but do you have size___ in blue? This one's a bit tight for me. (NMET93)

A. a big 　　B. a bigger 　　C. the big 　　D. the bigger

32. John plays footbal___ , if not better than, Davi. (NMET94)

A. as well 　　B. as well as 　　C. so well 　　D. so well as

33. We all write___ ,even when there's net much to say. (NMET94)

A. now and then 　　B. by and by 　　C. step by step 　　D. more or less

34. ---Do you remember ___ he came?

　---Yes I do, he came by car. (NMET94)

A. how 　　B. when 　　C. that 　　D. if

35. If there were no examinations, we should have ___at school. (NMET94)

A. the happiest time 　　B. a more happier time

C. much happiest time 　　D. a much happier time

36. ---Have you finished your report yet?

　---No, I'll finish in___ ten minutes. (NMET95)

A. another 　　B. other 　　C. more 　　D. less

37. ---I'd like ___ information about the management of your hotel, please.

　---Well, you could have ___ word with the manager. He might be helpful. (NMET95)

A. some; a 　　B. an; some 　　C. some; some 　　D. an; a

38. If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty,___ great it is. (NMET95)

A. what 　　B. how 　　C. however 　　D. whatever

39. We decided not to climb the mountains because it was raining ____. (NMET96)

A. badly 　　B. hardly 　　C. strongly 　　D. heavily

40. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard ___. (NMET96)

A. the better voice 　　B. a good voice

C. the best voice 　　 D. a better voice

41. Tony is going camping with ___ boys. (NMET93)

A. little two other 　　B. two little other

C. two other little 　　D. little other two

42. ---How was your recent visit to Qingdao? (NMET95)

---It was great. We visited some friends, and spent ___the days at the seaside.

A. few last sunny 　　B. last few sunny

C. last sunny few 　　D. few sunny last

43. Can you believe that in ___ a rich country there should be _ many poor people? (MET95)

A. such; such 　　B. such; so 　　C. so; so 　　D. so; such

44. Wait till you are more___ 's better to be sure than sorry. (NMET97)

A. inspired 　　B. satisfied 　　C. calm 　　D. certain

45. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is ___ known for his plays. (NMET98)

A. the best 　　B. more 　　C. better 　　D. the most

46.___ to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills. (NMET2000 )

A. Brave enough students 　　B. Enough brave students

C. Students brave enough 　　D. Students enough brave

47. It's always difficult being in a foreign country, ___ if you don't speak the language. (NMET2000 )

A. extremely 　　B. naturally 　　C. basically 　　D. especially

48. I am surprised that you should have been fooled by such a (an) ___ trick. (2001 春招)

A. ordinary 　　B. easy 　　C. smart 　　D. simple

49. It is generally believed that teaching is___ it is a science. (NMET2001)

A. an art much as 　　B. much an art as

C. as an art much as 　　D. as much an art as

50.---I'm very ___with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious.

---Mm, it does have a ___smell. (2002春招)

A. pleasant; pleased 　　B. pleased; pleased

C. pleasant; pleasant 　　D. pleased; pleasant

s has brains. In fact ,I doubt whether anyone in the class has ___IQ.

A. a high 　　B. a higher 　　C. the higher 　　D. the highest

語法複習十三：形容詞和副詞

1．C．原題中的three sisters這一資訊詞語暗示考生要用最進階的形式。clever的最進階有兩種：the most clever，the cleverest

2．C．mostly是副詞，意思是："主要地"，修飾整個句子。用most時應爲most of the students；用almost通常說almost all+n.

3．A．such與so修飾名詞時可這樣使用。

so+形容詞+a/an+可數名詞的單數

so many/few十可數名詞複數 so much/little+不可數名詞

4．A．few修飾可數名詞的複數；much修飾不可數名詞。

5．D．A、C項是語法錯誤。as…as之間不能用比較級形式。B項也是語法錯誤，than前沒有比較級，把than變成as就對了。實際上not as…as=not more than．

6．D．sound是"聽起來"的意思。它是系動詞，其後接形容詞做表語。類似的系動詞還有look seem taste smell fell．

7．A．some常用在肯定句中，而any常用在否定、疑問和條件句中。

8．C．grain是不可數名詞。A項是語法錯誤，as…as之間用原級，B項few不修飾grain，D項也如此。

9．C．表示倍數的詞與其他表示程度的副詞修飾as…as結構時，應放在其前面。

10．C．該題考查了考生是否掌握形容詞比較級的兩種形式，該句可理解爲：The pianos in the other shop will be cheaper，but not as good as those in this shop.

11．D．此處可理解爲the box is too heavy for you to carry．

12．D．no longer強調時間；no more強調數量和次數。

13．C．better這一資訊詞可暗示考生用比較級形式，less修飾不可數名詞，fewer修飾可數名詞的複數。

14．C．what與how修飾名詞引起的感嘆句：

what+a/an+形容詞十單數可數名詞

what+形容詞+可數名詞複數

what +形容詞+不可數名詞

How+形容詞+a/an+可數名詞單數

注意what的用法與sach相似，how與so相似。且give s　　B. a surprise是慣用法。

15．A．用來修飾比較級的副詞有：a little，a bit；even still；far，by far；a lot，a great deal；much，any(用於否定、疑問)；rather．

16．A．用比較級表示最進階的意思，用than+any other+單數名詞(包括主語在內)或用any+單數名詞(比較範圍不包括主語在內)。因加拿大不屬亞洲。如，把Asia改爲North America，則B正確。

17．A．taste是系動詞，後接形容詞做表語。B項well如果是形容詞，表示"身體好"。但Things are well with me．屬於特殊情況。參看6題。

18．C．參看15題。

19．D．參看14題。

20．B．where引導表語從句，且where在表語從句中做地點狀語。

21．A．當open做賓補時，一般用它的形容詞，不用它的現在分詞。又如：with his eyes open/closed

22．B．any修飾比較級時，一般用於疑問句和否定句中。

23．D．表示兩者中"最…"的意思，用the+比較級。此句可理解Canada is the larger of the two countries.

24．D．no more與no longer變成not…any more或not…any longer時any more和any longer要置於句尾，可參看12題。

25 B．how often表示頻率，與題意不符。how long句中的謂語動詞應用延續性動詞，是"多久"的意思。D項rapid是形容詞不能修飾動詞。How soon的回答詞用in+時間，因此，全句的意思是："在多長時間之內(或以後)你能畫完畫?"且句中謂語是瞬間動詞。

26．D．可參看14題。weather是不可數名詞。

27．D．此處可理解爲It's quicker to go by road than by train．　　

28．D．參看14題。　　

29．A．原題中的but與excellent兩個資訊詞可暗示考生，且not as…as相當於not more than，因此，該句的意思是："她講的不如朋友的好，但她的筆頭好。"

30．C．well是形容詞"身體好"的意思。這是It's+adj+enoush to do sth句型。該句意思是："我身體已好，可以返回學校了。"

31．B．形容詞的比較級修飾可數名詞的單數時，前面不要忘了加a，泛指比較…的-個。例如，This shirt is a little larger．Could you show me a smaller one?

32．B．是29題的創新。該句的意思是："如果不比David好的話，那麼會跟David踢的一樣好。"if not better than爲插入語。

33．A．從even when there's not much to say這一資訊句可知。now and then相當於sometimes，occasionally和from time to time，B項by and by=soon，C項step by step=gradually，D項more or less=about，修飾名詞，但也可修飾動詞，作狀語。

34．A．從答語中by car可知，how問的是方式。

35．D．have a good/happy time是慣用法，much修飾比較級。參看31題。

36．A．more與another在表示"再、又"時，用法不同，more置於數詞後面，而another置於數詞的前面。

37．A．information是不可數名詞。have a word with sb．相當於speak/talk to/with sb．與…談話。

38．C．however是連接副詞，修飾形容詞great並引導一個讓步4狀語從句，意思是："無論困難有多大。"

39．D．"下大雨"應說 "rain hard/heavily"．

40．D．意爲："我從未聽過比她還好的噪音。"用比較級表達最進階的概念。

41．C．要知道形容詞排列作定語的順序。

42．B．與41題考查的目的相同。

43．B．可參看3題。

44．D．從下文It's better to be sure than sorry．即"確信要比後悔好"可知，填入D項。A、B、C項不符合邏輯。

45．C．該題考查副詞用法。四個選項均爲副詞的比較級或最進階，題乾的兩個並列分句中，已給出some short stories和his plays這一特定的語境，表示二者之間的比較需用副詞的比較級。well known是一慣用詞組，意爲"出名的"、"衆所周知的"，well的比較級爲better，故答案爲C。

46．C．形容詞作後置定語。enough爲副詞，修飾形容詞brave，放在其後。

47．D．意爲"在國外通常是困難的，特別是你不會說外語"。

48．D．意爲"我很吃驚你竟然被這麼簡單的一個詭計愚弄了。"此處，只有用D項才能準確表達這種語氣。

49．D．"教學更像是一門科學。"第一個as爲副詞。

50．D。

51．B。

責任編輯：李芳芳