語法複習二、主謂一致 (人教版高三英語下冊教學論文)

語法複習二、主謂一致

在英語句子裏，謂語受主語支配，其動詞必須和主語在人稱和數上保持一致，這就叫主謂一致。尋其規律，大致可歸納爲三個原則，即語法一致、邏輯意義一致和就近一致原則。

（一）語法一致原則：語法上一致就是謂語動詞和主語在單、複數形式上保持一致。

1、以單數名詞或代詞、動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語或從句作主語時，謂語動詞一般用單數形式；主語爲複數時，謂語動詞用複數形式。如：His father is working on the farm. / To study English well is not easy. / What he said is very important for us all. / The children were in the classroom two hours ago. / Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.

注意：由what引導的主語從句，後面的謂語動詞多數情況用單數形式，但若表語是複數或what從句是一個帶有複數意義的並列結構時，主句的謂語動詞用複數形式。如：What I bought were three English books. / What I say and do is (are) helpful to you.

2、由連接詞and或both … and連接起來的合成主語後面，要用複數形式的謂語動詞。如：Lucy and Lily are twins. / She and I are classmates. / The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. / Both she and he are Young Pioneers.

注意：① 若and所連接的兩個詞是指同一個人或物時，它後面的謂語動詞就應用單數形式。如：The writer and artist has come.; / ② 由and連接的並列單數主語前如果分別有no, each, every more than a (an) , many a (an)修飾時，其謂語動詞要用單數形式。如：Every student and every teacher was in the room.. / No boy and no girl likes it.

3、主語爲單數名詞或代詞，儘管後面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短語，謂語動詞仍用單數形式；若主語爲複數，謂語用複數形式。如：Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China. / Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. / She, like you and Tom, is very tall.

4、either, neither, each, every 或no +單數名詞和由some, any, no, every構成的複合不定代詞，都作單數看待。如：Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter.

注意：① 在口語中當either或neither後跟有“of+複數名詞（或代詞）”作主語時，其謂語動詞也可用複數。如：Neither of the texts is (are) interesting. ② 若none of後面的名詞是不可數名詞，它的謂語動詞就要用單數；若它後面的名詞是複數，它的謂語動詞用單數或複數都可以。如：None of us has (have) been to America.

5、在定語從句時，關係代詞that, who, which等作主語時，其謂語動詞的數應與句中先行詞的數一致。如：He is one of my friends who are working hard. / He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.

6、如果集體名詞指的是整個集體，它的謂語動詞用單數；如果它指集體的成員，其謂語動詞就用複數形式。這些詞有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等。如：Class Four is on the third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.

注意：people, police, cattle等名詞一般都用作複數。如：The police are looking for the lost child.

7、由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名詞”構成的短語以及由“分數或百分數+名詞”構成的短語作主語，其謂語動詞的數要根據短語中後面名詞的數而定。如：There are a lot of people in the classroom. / The rest of the lecture is wonderful. / 50% of the students in our class are girls.

注意： a number of“許多”，作定語修飾複數名詞，謂語用複數；the number of“…的數量”，主語是number，謂語用單數。

8、在倒裝句中，謂語動詞的數應與其後的主語一致。如：There comes the bus./ On the wall are many pictures. / Such is the result. / Such are the facts.

（二）邏輯意義一致原則：邏輯意義一致就是謂語動詞的數必須和主語的意義一致（因有時主語形式爲單數，但意義爲複數；有時形式爲複數，但意義爲單數）。

1、what, who, which, any, more, all等代詞可以是單數，也可是複數，主要靠意思來決定。如：Which is your bag? / Which are your bags? / All is going well. / All have gone to Beijing.

2、表示“時間、重量、長度、價值”等的名詞的複數作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數形式， 這是由於作主語的名詞在概念上是一個整體，如：Thirty minutes is enough for the work.

3、若英語是書名、片名、格言、劇名、報名、國名等的複數形式，其謂語動詞通常用單數形式。如： “The Arabian Nights”is an interesting story-book.

4、表數量的短語“one and a half”後接複數名詞作主語時，其謂語動詞可用單數形式（也可用複數。如：One and a half apples is (are) left on the table.

5、算式中表示數目（字）的主語通常作單數看待，其謂語動詞采用單數形式。如：Twelve plus eight is twenty. / Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.

6、一些學科名詞是以 –ics 結尾，如：mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works等，都屬於形式上是複數的名詞，實際意義爲單數名詞，它們作主語時，其謂語動詞要用單數形式。如：The paper works was built in 1990. / I think physics isn’t easy to study.

7、trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, 等詞作主語時，謂語用複數，但如果這些名詞前有a (the) pair of等量詞修飾時，謂語動詞用單數。如：My glasses are broken. / The pair of shoes under the bed is his.

8、“定冠詞the + 形容詞或分詞”，表示某一類人時，動詞用複數。

（三）就近一致原則：在英語句子中，有時謂語動詞的人稱和數與最近的主語保持一致。

1、當兩個主語由either … or, neither … nor, whether … or …, not only … but also連接時，謂語動詞和鄰近的主語一致。如：Either the teacher or the students are our friends. / Neither they nor he is wholly right. / Is neither he nor they wholly right?

2、there be句型be動詞單複數取決於其後的主語。如果其後是由and連接的兩個主語，則應與靠近的那個主語保持一致。如：There are two chairs and a desk in the room..

注意：Here引導的句子用法同上。

練習：主謂一致

1.I, who____ your friend, will try my best to help you with your English.

2. The rich ____ not always happy.

3. Neither Tom nor Jack and I ____ his students.

4. Mary as well as her sisters ____ Chinese in China.

A. are studying B. have studied C. studies D. study

5. Neither my father nor I ____ at home.

6. Not only my brother but also I ____ good at painting. Both of us ____ good painters.,

;are ;am ;are ;is

7. Every' boy and every girl ____ to attend the evening party.

es like

8. Over 80 percent of the population of China ____ peasants.

C. would be

9. The population of China ____ larger than that of other country in the world.

10. Every means ____ tried but without any result.

A. have been to be to be D. has been

11. Alice, together with two boys,____ for having broken the rule.

A. was punished B. punished C. were punished D. being punished

12. The League secretary and the monitor____ asked to attend the ing this afternoon.

being

13. The great writer and professor____.

A. is an old man B. are both old men

C. is an old man and a young man D. were two Chinese

14. There ____ a pen, two pencils and three books on the desk.

15. A large number of students in our class____ girls.

A. are B. was C. is D. be

16. The number of deer, mountain lions and wild roses ____ much if people leave things as they are.

A. doesn' t change 't change ge ged

17. The Arabian Nights ____ well known to the English.

A. is B. are C. was D. were

18. Chairman Mao' s works ____ published.

A. has been been

19. A chemical works____ built there.

A. is to being been C. were to been

20. The Olympic Games ____ held every ____ years.

;four ;four ;five ;five

21 United States of America one of the most developed countries in the world.

is the only one of die students who ____ elected.

A. are

s is one of the most interesting questions that ____ asked.

C. have been been

a man ____ come to help us.

25."All____ present and all____ going on well," our monitor said.

;is ;are ;is ;are

26. The police ____ the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.

A. is searching for B. were searching for

C. are searching for D. were searching

trousers____ must have____ washed.

;il ;it ;them ;them

pair of trouseis ____ too long for him.

29. One and a half bananas ____ left on the table.

30. Eight times eight ____ sixty - four.

l

31 minutes____ an hour when one is waiting for a phone call.

s ed es

32.____of the money____ nm out.

A. Three-fifth; has B. Three-fifth; has been

C. Three-fifths; has D. Three-fifths; have

33. The whole class ____ the teacher attentively.

A. are listening to B. is listening to

listening D. is listening

34.1 have finished a large part of the book, the rest of which___ more difficult.

35. Between the two rows of trees ____ the teaching building.

d ds C. standing

36. Large quantities of water ____ for irrigation.

A. is needed B. has -needed C. are needed D. need

37. That they were wrong in these matters ____ now clear to us all.

A. is

we need____ good textbooks.

39. What you said just now____ the matter we are discussing.

something to at B. has something to do with

something to do with been something to do with

40. More than one member ____ against the plan.

A. is

41. When and where to build the new factory ____ yet.

A. has not decided B. is not decided

C. are not decided D. have not decided

42. Half of the fruit ____ bad.

A. are B. has C. is D. have

43. ____ either of your parents come to see you recently?

A. Have B. Had C. Has D. Is

44. Mathematics ____ the language of science.

A. are B. are going to be C. is D. is to be

45. My family ____ small.

A. is B. were C. are D. makes

46. The following ____ some other examples.

A. are B. is C. was D. were

47. They both have some friends; but his ____ more active.

A. is B. will be C. was D. are

48. Both rice and wheat ____ grown in that country.

A. is B. are C. was D. has

49. Early to bed and early to rise ____ a good habit.

A. are B. is C. were D. was

50. To play basketball and to go swimming ____ useful for character-training.

A. was B. is C. are D. were

51. Either he or I ____ to attend the mass meeting this evening.

A. is B. am C. are D. be

52. ____ either he or I to attend the mass meeting this evening.

A. is B. am C. are D. be

53. An iron and steel works, with some satellite factories, ____ to be built here.

A. are B. were C. is D. will

54. She as well as her brother ____ a League member.

A. are B. were C. will D. is

55. His family ____ a big one. Now the family ____ watching TV.

A. is, are B. are, is C. is, is D. are, are

56. It is I who ____ going to attend the meeting tomorrow.

A. is B. am C. are D. be

57. More than 60% of the students ____ the countryside.

A. is B. are C. is from D. are from

58. Many a man ____ the novel.

A. has read B. have read C. is read D. are read

59. Tom is the only one of the students who ____ going to swim this afternoon.

A. is B. was C. are D. were

60. Here ____ a pen, a few pencils and some paper for you.

A. are B. is C. was D. were

參考答案

語法複習二：主謂一致

1~5 AAACA 6~10 CBDAD 11~15 ACABA 16~20 AABDB 21~25 ADCBC

26~30 BCAAA 31~35 ACAAB 36~40 CABBA 41~45 BCCCA 46~50 ADBBC

51~55 BACDA 56~60 BDAAB

責任編輯：李芳芳