“一……就……”在英語中的表達

江蘇省海安縣曲塘中學 汪 寧

在英語中，有很多詞語可以用來表達“一……就……”的意思，本文擬簡要小結如下：

1. as soon as

“as soon as” 是“一……就……”最普通的表達方法，前一個“as” 是副詞，後一個“as” 是連詞，引導時間狀語從句。

⑴ He got married as soon as he left university.

他一離開大學就結婚了。

2. directly

“directly”可以用作連詞，常用於非正式文體中，相當於“as soon as”。

⑵ I came directly I got your message.

我一接到你的信就趕來了。

3. immediately

“immediately”可以用作連詞，主要用於英國英語中，相當於“as soon as”。

⑶ I came immediately I heard the news.

我一聽到這個消息，馬上就來了。

4. once

“once”用作連詞，相當於“as soon as, from the moment that”，意爲“一旦……就……”、“當……就……”。

⑷ Once he arrives we can start. 他一到我們就可以動身。

注意①：“once”引導時間狀語從句，但常常隱含條件。

⑸--Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?

--Yes. I gave it to her ______I saw her.（2001春季高考，14）

e moment enly

答案：B

分析：不少學生誤選D，但“once”隱含條件，意爲“一旦……就……”，該句理解成“我一旦見到他就把錢給了他”顯然不符合上下文的語境，故排除D。“the moment”看似名次詞組，但實際上用作連詞，引導時間狀語從句，故應選B。

注意②：“once”後面的從句中常可採用省略結構。

⑹ Once seeing it (＝Once you see it )，you can never forget it.

Once seen ( = Once it is seen )，it can never be forgotten.

一旦見到了就永遠不會忘記。

5. on/upon ＋ 名詞/動名次

“on/upon”用作介詞，後接名詞或動名詞作賓語，意爲“immediately after, at the time of”。

⑺ On his arrival at the airport, he was greeted by the Prime Minister. 他一到達機場便受到總理的歡迎。

⑻ On inquiring, we found that the plane had already left.

經詢問，我們才知道飛機已經飛走了。

6. immediately after

“immediately after”後接名詞、代詞或從句，相當於“as soon as”，意爲“一……就……”。

⑼ I came immediately after lunch. 我一吃完午飯就來了。

⑽ I got in touch with him immediately after I received the letter. 我一接到信就和他聯繫了。

7. ① hardly…when…

② scarcely…when…

③ barely…when…

④ no sooner…than…

⑾ The game had hardly/scarcely/barely begun when it started raining. 比賽剛一開始就下起雨來了。

⑿ The game had no sooner begun than it started raining.

比賽剛一開始就下起雨來了。

注意①：在以上句型中，“hardly/scarcely/barely/no sooner”部分爲主句，通常與過去完成時連用；“when/than”部分爲時間狀語從句，通常與一般過去時連用。

⒀ We had hardly started our journey when the car got a flat tyre. 我們剛出發，車胎就破了。

注意②：如果將“hardly/scarcely/barely/no sooner”放在句首，則該主句部分必須使用倒裝語序，而“when/than”從句部分語序不倒裝。

⒁ Hardly/Scarcely/Barely had the game begun when it started raining.

No sooner had the game begun than it started raining.

⒂ Hardly had we started our journey when the car got a flat tyre.

8. ① the moment

② the minute

③ the instant

在這些結構中，“the moment, the minute, the instant”看似名詞詞組，但實際上用作連詞，引導時間狀語從句。

⒃ I recognized him the moment I saw him

我一看到他，就認出他來了。

⒄ She recognized the actor the minute she saw him.

她一看到那個演員就認出他來了。

⒅ The instant I saw him I knew he was angry.

我一見到他就知道他生氣了。

* * * * * * *

主要參考書目：

1、《Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English》

by Randolph Quirk, Longman Group Ltd., 1995

2、《The Advanced Learner's Dictionary of Current

English with Chinese Translation》 by by,

Oxford University Press, 1978

3、《Practical English Usage》，Michael Swan 原著，

外語教學與研究出版社，1982

4、《Longman Active Study English-Chinese Dictionary》

by Della Summers, 上海譯文出版社，1993

5、《英漢大詞典》，陸谷孫主編 上海譯文出版社， 1993

6、《朗文英語語法大全》， 倫道夫.夸克等著，

華東師範大學出版社，1998