病句的常見錯誤
一、不一致(Disagreements)
所謂不一致不光指主謂不一致,它還包括了數的不一致時態不一致及代詞不一致等。
例1. When one have money ,he can do what he want to .
(人一旦有了錢,他就能想幹什麼就幹什麼。)
剖析:one是單數第三人稱,因而本句的have應改爲has ;同理,want應改爲wants.本句是典型的主謂不一致。
改爲: Once one has money ,he can do what he wants (to do)
二、修飾語錯位(Misplaced Modifiers)
英語與漢語不同,同一個修飾語置於句子不同的位置,句子的含義可能引起變化。對於這一點中國學生往往沒有引起足夠的重視,因而造成了不必要的誤解。
例1. I believe I can do it well and I will better know the world outside the campus.
剖析:better位置不當,應置於句末。
三、句子不完整(Sentence Fragments)
在口語中,交際雙方可藉助手勢語氣上下文等,不完整的句子完全可以被理解。可是書面語就不同了,句子結構不完整會令意思表達不清,這種情況常常發生在主句寫完以後,筆者又想加些補充說明時發生。
例1. There are many ways to know the society. For example by TV ,radio ,newspaper and so on .
剖析:本句後半部分“for example by TV ,radio ,newspaper and so on .”不是一個完整的.句子,僅爲一些不連貫的詞語,不能獨立成句。
改爲:There are many ways to know society ,for example ,by TV ,radio ,and newspaper.
四、懸垂修飾語(Dangling Modifiers)
所謂懸垂修飾語是指句首的短語與後面句子的邏輯關係混亂不清。例如:At the age of ten, my grandfather died. 這句中“at the age of ten”只點出十歲時,但沒有說明“ 誰”十歲時。按一般推理不可能是my grandfather, 如果我們把這個懸垂修飾語改明確一點,全句就不那麼費解了。
改爲:
When I was ten, my grandfather died.
例1. To do well in college, good grades are essential.
剖析:句中不定式短語 “to do well in college” 的邏輯主語不清楚。
改爲:
To do well in college, a student needs good grades.
五、詞性誤用(Misuse of Parts of Speech)
“詞性誤用”常表現爲:介詞當動詞用;形容詞當副詞用;名詞當動詞用等。
例1. None can negative the importance of money.
剖析:negative 系形容詞,誤作動詞。
改爲:
None can deny the importance of money.
六、指代不清(Ambiguous Reference of Pronouns)
指代不清主要講的是代詞與被指代的人或物關係不清,或者先後所用的代詞不一致。試看下面這一句:
Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid.
(瑪麗和我姐姐很要好,因爲她要她做她的伴娘。)
讀完上面這一句話,讀者無法明確地判斷兩位姑娘中誰將結婚,誰將當伴娘。如果我們把易於引起誤解的代詞的所指對象加以明確,意思就一目瞭然了。這個句子可改爲:
Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid.
例1. And we can also know the society by serving it yourself.
剖析:句中人稱代詞we 和反身代詞yourself指代不一致。改爲:
We can also know society by serving it ourselves.
七、不間斷句子(Run-on Sentences)什麼叫run-on sentence請看下面的例句。
例1. There are many ways we get to know the outside world.
剖析:這個句子包含了兩層完整的意思:“There are many ways.” 以及“We get to know the outside world.”。簡單地把它們連在一起就不妥當了。
改爲:
There are many ways for us to learn about the outside world. 或:
There are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside world
八、措詞毛病(Troubles in Diction)
Diction 是指在特定的句子中如何適當地選用詞語的問題,囿於教學時間緊迫,教師平時在這方面花的時間往往極其有限,影響了學生在寫作中沒有養成良好的推敲,斟酌的習慣。他們往往隨心所欲,拿來就用。所以作文中用詞不當的錯誤比比皆是。
例1. The increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution.
(農業方面化學物質使用的不斷增加也造成了污染。)
剖析:顯然,考生把obstacles“障礙”,“障礙物”誤作substance“物質”了。另外“the increasing use (不斷增加的使用)” 應改爲“abusive use (濫用)”。
改爲:
The abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes/leads to pollution.
九、累贅(Redundancy)
言以簡潔爲貴。寫句子沒有一個多餘的詞;寫段落沒有一個無必要的句子。能用單詞的不用詞組;能用詞組的不用從句或句子。如:
In spite of the fact that he is lazy, I like him.
本句的“the fact that he is lazy”系同謂語從句,我們按照上述“能用詞組的不用從句”可以改爲:In spite of his laziness, I like him.
例1. For the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need.
剖析:整個句子可以大大簡化。
改爲:
Diligent, caring people use money only to buy what they need.
十、不連貫(Incoherence)
不連貫是指一個句子前言不對後語,或是結構上不暢通。這也是考生常犯的毛病。
例1. The fresh water, it is the most important things of the earth.
剖析:The fresh water 與逗號後的it 不連貫。It 與things 在數方面不一致。
改爲:
Fresh water is the most important thing in the world.
十一、綜合性語言錯誤(Comprehensive Misusage)
所謂“綜合性語言錯誤”,是指除了上述十種錯誤以外,還有諸如時態,語態,標點符號,大小寫等方面的錯誤。
例y, Money to everybody is very importance, our’s eat, cloth, live, go etc.
-
嚴禁二大災害聖誕相聲
甲:各位姊妹弟兄,你們好。乙:你這個人沒有禮貌,看來知識太少,除姊妹弟兄好,其他人就不好了嗎?甲:唷!你做撈二了(不遵重人)我啥上說錯,既是不禮貌又是知識少,那你講講看?乙:哦!……(講呀)親愛的各位鄉親們,各位來賓們,各位姊妹弟兄們,聖誕快樂,主內平安……(手勢吻)掌聲!(自己先拍)甲:哦!果然...
-
四季石榴栽培技術
四季石榴是石榴科屬中一個非常稀有的珍貴品種,別稱月季石榴、花石榴等,爲本屬植物安石榴的變種,株高只有50~70釐米,卻枝繁葉茂,花大果多,更令人驚奇的是成樹全年天天開花,樹上常年掛有鮮果,實爲盆景中一大奇觀。四季石榴生長習性石榴原產中亞的伊朗、阿富汗等地,全世界的...
-
早起上班怎樣吃出營養早餐
導語:現在的上班族雖然比以前生活條件好啦,但社交圈子變廣了,活動多,工作繁忙,長時間的導致身體健康“透支”,日常飲食方面要學會調理自己缺現在的上班族雖然比以前生活條件好啦,但社交圈子變廣了,活動多,工作繁忙,長時間的導致身體健康“透支”,日常飲食方面要學會調理自...
-
女人節日護膚需注意的事項
導語:過節就意味着女人要打扮,面板又要遭殃了。厚重的粉底、濃烈的彩妝、徹夜的happy把節日濃厚的喜悅之情烘托着,但是,喜慶之餘你想到了麼?過節就意味着女人要打扮,面板又要遭殃了。厚重的粉底、濃烈的彩妝、徹夜的happy把節日濃厚的喜悅之情烘托着,但是,喜慶之餘你想...