英語說明文的特點
英語說明文寫作一般都有哪些特點呢?以下是小編整理的英語說明文的特點,歡迎參考閱讀!
1.時態相對較爲統一:多用現在時態
由於說明文往往是對客觀事物或事理的一種介紹與解釋,而這種客觀的介紹與解釋一般是不隨時間和空間變化而改變的,比如:說明早鍛鍊的好處,介紹貓的`鬍子的功能,解釋臭氧層對人類生活的影響等等,是不受時間和空間影響的。因此,儘管有時爲了特殊表達的要求,會在個別地方採用其他時態,英語說明文的基本時態還是一般現在時。下面這篇由香港學生寫的作文充分反映了說明文的這一特點。
The Way to Achieve Success
Many successful people say that they owe much of their success to the cultivation (培養) of certain good habits in early life. In forming good habits, I think we should pay attention to four things, that is, honesty, industry (勤勉), enthusiasm (熱情), and thrift (節儉)。
“Honesty is the best policy”。 This is a proverb to which we must pay attention. There are so many temptations (誘惑) in society that through a little carelessness we may go astray (走入歧途)。 But when we are honest, people will not be dishonest to us.
Industry gives every man and woman, every boy and girl, proper work to do. To do nothing is to ruin oneself.
Enthusiasm is a great force. One's soul will expand if one devotes (貢獻) oneself to a noble cause. The difficulties in our way are tremendous (巨大的), but what can we not accomplish (取得), if with enthusiasm?
There are many proverbs which set forth (陳述) the advantages (好處) of thrift. Since we live in a world where money is a very powerful thing, we should always try to save part of our earnings for future use.
These are the four things to which we must pay attention. It is only in this way that we can achieve success.
2.採用客觀表述,避免主觀色彩
由於在很多情況下,說明文是對客觀存在的說明與介紹,因此語言的表述也應該儘可能地給人以客觀可信的感覺,比如:
(1)I think that getting up late is not always a bad thing.
(2)It is said that getting up late is not always a bad thing.
相比之下,例(2)的語言要比例(1)的語言客觀一些,容易讓人接受一些。如果再作一些表述上的改動:
(3)Getting up late is not always a bad thing, according to Franklin Smith, a well-known psychologist in Stanford University.
引進著名人士作爲資訊的來源,可以使想要說明的內容更具有說服力。如果我們將例(3)中的always再改爲necessarily,就可使整個句子更客觀、委婉,便於爲讀者接受:
(4)Getting up late is not necessarily a bad thing, according to Franklin Smith, a well-known psychologist in Stanford University.
在英語中,採用被動語態,引進權威的資訊來源以及選用委婉的詞語是使說明文避免主觀色彩,增加客觀性,從而爲讀者接受的重要語言手段
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