從《將進酒》的兩個譯本看翻譯標準

引導語：《將進酒》爲借酒抒情的名篇佳作，是唐代詩人李白在唐玄宗天寶十一年與友人聚會時所作，下面是關於兩個譯本中看翻譯標準，歡迎大家閱讀！

在賴斯的語篇類型和語篇種類的劃分中，詩歌屬於表情性極強並重視形式的文字類型。在這類文字中，文字作者或“發送者”被置於一個很顯著的位置，文字的形式也十分重要。對於這種類型的文字的翻譯，譯文應該傳遞原語的審美性和藝術性。翻譯應採用“同一”策略，即譯者應採用原語作者的觀點(傑里米•芒迪)。由此可見，對比後起的操控論、目的論、改寫論等，對於詩歌的翻譯，“信”“達”“雅”並不是一個不合時宜的翻譯標準。

《將進酒》爲唐代詩人李白作於唐玄宗天寶十一年與友人聚會時。該詩爲借酒抒情的名篇佳作之一。詩人在做這首詩時，政治上受到排擠和打擊，無法施展宏偉的抱負，常常醉酒消遣。目前已有很多中外譯者翻譯過這首詩作，筆者這裏選取了兩個譯本淺析。其一爲被西方語言文學大師，著名翻譯家李賦寧先生大力推薦的《英譯唐詩名作選》中愛國華僑龔景浩先生的翻譯。其二爲詩譯英法唯一人，北大教授，翻譯家，曾被提名爲諾貝爾文學獎候選人的許淵衝先生在《唐詩300首》中的翻譯。以下爲這兩個版本的翻譯:

龔景浩譯文

Drink Your Fill!

Can’t you see:

The water in the Yellow Riverflows from the sky，

Running out to sea and neverturning back?

Can’t you see:

In grand houses the worry isabout hair color change---

In the morning it was silkenblack;

By nightfall it has turnedhoary?

If you’re doing well in life，enjoylife.

Don’t let your golden cup sitempty in the moonlight.

Since Providence has grantedour births，he must have some use for our talents.

What if I flitted away athousand pieces of gold?

Why，they can always be earned back again.

Boiling beef and preparinglamb，let us be merry:

And three hundred cups weshould each drain.

Venerable Chen and Young Dan Qui:

Drink your fill and not for amoment let your cup stand idle.

Now，let me sing you a song; I pray you lend me a willingear:

Banquet music and dishes ofdelicacies---

They are as nothing to me.

I only wish to stay drunk andnever come out again.

Saints and sages have alwaysbeen lonely.

Only a few gentleman-drinkershave left behind their names.

When Prince of Chen of a pastage entertained his literary friends，

Jars of wine costing afortune were poured

Amid high-spirited jokes andjeers.

Their host never worried ifmoney should run short.

So he’ll send for more wine to toast you again，and yet again.

Thorough-bred horses andexpensive furs---

I’ll exchange them for moresweet wine any time!

Together，we shall drown all our sorrows，old and new.

許淵衝譯文

Invitation towine

Do you not see the YellowRiver come from the sky，

Rushing into the sea andne’er come back?

Do you not see the mirrorsbright in chambers high

Grieve o’er your snow-whitehair though once it was silk-black?

When hopes are won，oh! Drink your fill in high delight，

And never leave your wine-cupempty in moonlight!

Heaven has made us talents，we’re not made in vain.

A thousand gold coins spent，more will turn up again.

Kill a cow，cook a sheep and let us merry be，

And drink three hundredcupfuls of wine in high glee!

Dear friends of mine，

Cheer up，cheer up!

I invite you to wine.

Do not put down your cup!

I will sing you a song，please hear，

O hear! Lend me a willingear!

What difference will rare andcostly dishes make?

I only want to get drunk andnever to wake.

How many great men wereforgotten through the ages?

But great drinkers are morefamous than sober sages.

The Prince of Poets feast’d in his palace at will，

Drank wine at ten thousand acask and laughed his fill.

A host should not complain ofmoney he is short，

To drink with you I will sellthings of any sort.

My fur coat worth a thousandcoins of gold

And my flower-dappled horsemay be sold

To buy good wine that we maydrown the woes age-old.

1.標題《將進酒》的翻譯

將進酒的意思爲：請喝酒。兩位先生的譯名都貼近原詩的意思，符合“信”的要求。

2.君不見黃河之水天上來，奔流到海不復回

君不見高堂明鏡悲白髮，朝如青絲暮成雪。發表論文。

詩人在此託物起興，想表達洶涌澎湃的黃河水有如從天而降，並一瀉千里，不可回還。但是兩位譯者都不約而同的採用直接翻譯原詩的.做法，並沒有翻譯出黃河水好似從天而降的意味，而是譯成黃河之水就是來自於天上。就此處而言，兩位譯者都做到了對原詩的“信”而放棄了對事實的“信”。就其意境而言，兩位譯者都譯出了原詩突如其來的震撼力和不可回還的“逝”氣，也照應了第二句的感嘆人生苦短，做到了“達”和“雅”。在用詞方面，許譯本的snow-white很好的體現了原文的“雪”字，但龔譯本的hoary更體現了頭髮灰白色的自然特徵。至於“悲白髮”的翻譯，兩位譯者採取了不同的方法，許先生選擇不譯，龔先生用了“the worry is about hair color change”。許先生舍“信”求“雅”，而龔先生的譯文做到了“信”“雅”兼備。

將進酒·君不見

【作者】李白 【朝代】唐代

君不見，黃河之水天上來，奔流到海不復回。

君不見，高堂明鏡悲白髮，朝如青絲暮成雪。

人生得意須盡歡，莫使金樽空對月。

天生我材必有用，千金散盡還復來。

烹羊宰牛且爲樂，會須一飲三百杯。

岑夫子，丹丘生，將進酒，杯莫停。

與君歌一曲，請君爲我傾耳聽。

鐘鼓饌玉不足貴，但願長醉不復醒。

古來聖賢皆寂寞，惟有飲者留其名。

陳王昔時宴平樂，斗酒十千恣歡謔。

主人何爲言少錢，徑須沽取對君酌。

五花馬，千金裘，呼兒將出換美酒，與爾同銷萬古愁。