博文谷

高一英語重點詞語用法5

1.reach 的用法

高一英語重點詞語用法5

reach [ri:tM] vt. 到達,抵達。表示到達之意的還有 arrive at (in) , get to 等。例如:

① The president reached Beijing by special plane yesterday.

總統昨天乘專機到達北京。

② We reached here Thursday morning. 我們是星期四早晨到達這裏的。

③ Dr Bethune arrived in Yanan in the spring of 1938.

白求恩大夫於1938年春到達延安。

④ When did you arrive in Europe? 你何時到達歐洲?

⑤ She was always the first to arrive at the workshop. 她總是第一個來到車間。

⑥ They arrived at the station at two o'clock. 他們兩點鐘來到車站。

⑦ We must get to the airport before 8.我們必須在八點鐘前到機場。

⑧ When did you get home yesterday? 你昨天什麼時候到家的?

⑨ “When did the train arrived?” “Half an hour ago.”

火車何時到達的?半小時之前。

【注意】在指到達一個洲、國家、城市等大地方時,arrive後多用in;而在指到達一個小地方時,多用at。但如將一個城市當作一個點看待,也可用

at。例如:

① Mary arrived in Shanghai last month. 瑪麗上月到達上海。

② We arrived at the small village in the evening. 我們傍晚到達那個小村莊。

③ The train arrived at Jinan at ten o' clock. 火車十點鐘抵達濟南站。

2.discover 的用法

discover [dis'k)v+] vt. 發現(已存在但並不爲人所知的事,通常指地方或科學事實);知道。discover的基本用法如下:

1)跟名詞或代詞:

①It was Madame Curie who discovered the element radium.

是居里夫人發現了鐳元素。

② Columbus discovered America in 1492.哥倫布於1492年發現了美洲。

2)跟從句:

① It was discovered that our food was running short. 我們發現糧食快完了。

② We discovered that he was an enemy spy. 我們發現他是一名敵特。

3)跟帶連接詞的不定式:

① We never discovered how to open the box. 我們找不出開啟盒子的方法。

4)跟複合賓語:

① We discovered him to be an enemy spy. 我們發現他是一名敵特。

② We discovered them sitting around a fire talking.

我們發現他們圍坐在篝火旁談話。

3.both [b+uI] 的基本用法

1)both 用作連詞。通常與and連用,構成“both…and…”形式,意爲“……和……兩者都”,使用時,both和and後面一般都跟着相同詞類的詞。例如: ① She both plays the piano and sings. (both+ 動詞+ and+ 動詞)

她既彈鋼琴,也唱歌。

② She plays both the piano and the guitar.

(both+名詞;and+名詞)

她既彈鋼琴,也彈吉他。

2)both用作代詞。常位於連繫動詞之後,或實義動詞之前;但若當動詞是由幾個部分組成時,both則放在第一個助動詞之後。此外,它可用作主語。如:

①They are both absent. (同位語)他們倆都缺席。

②They both agree to stay. (同上)他們倆都同意留下來。

③We have both studied French.

我們兩個人都學習過法語。

3)both還可作形容詞。其用法和either相似,但both後面接複數名詞,either後面只接單數名詞。如:

①New cities came into being on both sides of the Great Wall. (=New cities came into being on either side of the Great Wall.)

長城的兩邊出現了嶄新的城市。

4)both的全部否定,應用neither或not…either;而both…not卻是部分否定。如:

①Neither of them was in good health, but both worked very hard.

(=Either of them was not in good health, but both worked very hard.)

他們倆身體都不好,但都努力地工作。 ②Both of them are not teachers. 他們倆並非都是教師

4.room [ru:m] 的基本用法

1)room可以用作不可數名詞,意爲“(未佔用的或可利用的)空間;地位;餘地”。例如:

①Is there room for me? 還有我的地方嗎?

②It's polite for the youth to make room for the old in the bus.

在公共汽車上爲老人讓路是有禮貌的。

③There's plenty of room for the desks. 有足夠的空地方放課桌。

④There's room for three more. 還有三個人的位置。

⑤I haven't much room to move here.

我這兒沒有多少活動餘地。 ⑥Can you make room for another?

你還能騰出一個(或一件東西)的地方嗎?

⑦This table takes up too much room----we'd better put it out. 這張桌子佔的地方太大,我們最好把它搬到外頭去。

2)room可以用作可數名詞,意爲“房間,室;一套房間;寓所”。例如:

①How many rooms are there in this hotel? 這家飯店裏有多少房間?

②This room is a very pleasant one. 這個房間很舒服。

【注意】與room常合成的詞有:bathroom 洗澡間;sitting-room 起居室;dinning-room 飯廳;schoolroom教室

5.prepare的用法

prepare [pri'p#+] vt. & vi. 準備

1)跟名詞或代詞(可有較活譯法):

①Please prepare the table for dinner. 請擺好桌子吃晚飯。

②Mother is preparing us a meal. 母親正爲我們做飯。

2)跟不定式:

①They are busy preparing to go on holiday. 他們正忙着準備休假。

3)prepare for引起的短語表示“爲……做好準備”。

①We were given two days to prepare for the examination.

給了我們兩天時間準備考試

②Hope for the best and prepare for the worst.

[諺]存最好的希望,準備應付最壞的情況。

6.way的用法 1)way(意爲“方法”)經常不用介詞。例如:

①I think you're putting it together (in) the wrong way.

我認爲你把它裝錯了。

②Do it any Way you like. 你愛怎麼幹就怎麼幹。

在有關從句的句子裏,我們在way後面常用that來代替in which。

例如:

③I like the way (that) she organized the meeting. 我喜歡他組織會議的方法。

2)way後面可跟“帶to的動詞不定式”結構,也可跟“of+ -ing”結構。兩者之間沒有重要區別。例如:

①There's no way to prove he was stealing money. 無法證明他在偷錢。

②There's no way of proving he was stealing money.

無法證明他在偷錢。

3)不要混淆in the way和on the way:in the way是用來談障礙--------阻止你到想去的地方的人或物;on the way意爲“在途中”。試比較:

①Please don't stand in the kitchen door----you're in the way.

請不要站在廚房門口--------你擋了我的路。

②Let's not stop too often on the way. 咱們別老在途中停留了。

7.offer的用法

offer作爲及物動詞,有以下幾種意思:

1)提供,提出。如:

①The young man offered the old woman his own seat.

那位年輕人把自己的座位讓給那位老大娘。 2)出價,開價(常與介詞for連用)。如:

①I offered him £10,000 for the house.

我出價一萬英鎊向他買那座房子。

②I offered him the house for £10,000.

我以一萬磅的價格把那座房子賣給他。

3)表示願意做某事(常與不定式連用)如:

①We offered to go with him. 我們表示願意和他一道去。

▲另外,offer也可作爲名詞用,意思是“提供”,“提供的事物”。如:

①You ought to accept the offer. 你應該接受這個提議。

8.turn 一詞的幾種常見用法

1)Take turns to do, take turns at doing 或do …by turns 都表示“輪流做某事”的意思。It's one's turn to do… 表示“輪到某人做某事”。注意表達時turn 一詞的單複數形式。如:

①Take turns to offer each other the foods in Part 2 in pairs.

兩人一組,輪流請對方吃第二部分列出的食物。

②They took turns to keep watch.

他們輪流站崗。(=They kept watch by turns.)

③We take turns to make/ at making dinner.

我們輪流做晚飯。(=We make dinner by turns.)

④The two drivers took turns at driving the truck.

兩個駕駛員輪流開車。(=…drove …by turns.)

⑤It's your turn to recite the passage. 輪到你背誦這篇短文了。

⑥Whose turn is it to speak now? 現在輪到誰發言了?

【注意】 Wait your turn是“等着輪到你”的意思,這裏wait後不能接for。

Wait your turn = Wait until it is your turn.

2)turn = become,用作連繫動詞。如:

①In autumn the leaves turn brown. 秋天樹葉變黃。

②Ice turns into water when (it is) heated. 冰加熱變成水。

③Three years later, he turned thief/ doctor.

三年後他變成了賊/醫生。

【注意】句③中,turn接表示主語身份的名詞時,該名詞前不帶冠詞。

▲說“情況變得更糟了”,英語是 get worse 或 turn for the worse,而個說 turn worse.

3)turn out表示“結果……”,如:

①The project turned out (to be) a failure.

計劃結果失敗了。(to be可省略)

②The day turned out to be a fine one. 結果那天是個晴天。

③I hope everything will turn out fine/ well/ all right. 我希望一切都會好的。

4)turn up = appear, be found 表示“出現”。如:①He promised to come, but so far he hasn't turned up yet.

他答應來的,可到現在還沒出現。

②I expect the missing watch will turn up one day.

我希望那塊丟失的手錶哪一天會出現。

③Tom is always waiting for something to turn up.

Tom總是等待着好運會降臨。

5)其它turn所用於的情況:

①Don't always turn to the dictionary when you come to a new word.碰到生詞時不要總是查詞典。

②Don't turn to him for help. 不要求助於他。

③He turned the key in the lock. 他用鑰匙開門。

④Turn over the page. 翻過一頁。

⑤The doctor turned him over and looked at his back.

醫生把他翻過來檢視他的背。 ⑥Turn it round and let me see the other side. 把它轉過來,讓我看另一面。⑦Turn away from the light. 背過光去。

⑧Turn down the radio/ light. 把收音機音量放小些/把燈調暗些。⑨Turn your pocket inside out. 把你的口袋翻過來。

⑩Turn the bottle upside down. 把瓶倒過來。

(11)She was angry and turned her back to me. 她生氣了,背對着我。(12)Turn your eyes this way. 朝這邊看。

9.ship 作爲動詞的用法

1)ship作爲及物動詞,意思是“用船運送”、“運送”。如:

①They shipped the machine from Shanghai to Tianjin last week.他們於上星期用船把那臺機器從上海運到天津。

②Did he ship the goods by train or by plane?

他是用火車還是用飛機運送那批貨物的?

2)ship作爲不及物動詞,意爲“上船”、“乘船”、“在船上工作”。如:①He said good - bye to his family and shipped out for England.他向家人道別,乘船到英國去了。

②He shipped as cook. 他在船上當廚師。

重要詞組短語

1.be made into, be made of, be made from 和be made up of 的用法區別

1)be made into意思是“被製成”。如:

①In many parts of the world corn is made into powder.

在世界許多地方玉米被製成粉。

②We can make glass into different kinds of things.

我們可以把玻璃製成各種東西。

2)be made of原爲 be made out of, out常被省略。這一短語表示成品製成後,仍保留了原材料的形狀,製作過程僅發生了物理變化。如:

①The desks and chairs are made of wood. 這些課桌都是木頭製成的。

②The cloth is made of cotton. 這種布是用棉花製成的。

3)be made from 表示製成的東西完全失去了原材料的外性和特性,原料在製作過程中發生了化學變化,從成品已無法辨認。如: ①Gas is made from coal. 煤氣由煤製成。

②This kind of wine is made from rice. 這種酒是米制成的。

4)be made up of是“由……組成”的意思。如:

①The article is made up of four parts.

這篇文章由四部分組成。

②The sports team is made up of twenty members.

這支運動隊有二十人組成。

【注意】be made of,be made into和make …into…許多時候可互換使用。

如:

①Bread is made of flour.

=Flour can be made into bread.

=We can make flour into bread.

=We can make bread (out) of flour.

2.help oneself 的用法

help oneself是固定用法,可單獨使用,也可和介詞to連用。主要有四種含義:

1)serve oneself (with food or drink) 自用(食物等)。如:

①There is some bread on the table. You may help yourself to it. 桌子上有面包,你自己拿去吃吧!

②----Can I have a drink?

----Help yourself.

“我可以喝點嗎?”

“別客氣(隨便喝吧)!”

③“Jill, help yourself to the pancakes. They are delicious”. 吉爾(自己)拿些煎餅吃吧!非常好吃!

2)take for (oneself), esp. dishonestly, 擅自取用。此時,to後賓語不一定是食物類,而可以泛指其他各種物品。如:

①The money was on the table and no one was there, so he helped himself (to it). 桌上有錢,左右無人,於是他就拿走了。

②Before leaving, father warned me against not to help myself to the medicine in the box on the shelf. 出門前,父親再次警告我不要拿放在架子上盒子

裏的藥。

【注意】 help sb to sth表示“替別人取食物等。”如:

①May I help you to some more meat? 我幫你再拿些肉好嗎?

3.動詞時態和by引起的時間狀語

by引導的時間狀語,有“在某時前、到某時爲止”、“到某時”的意思,所修飾的謂語動詞的時態既取決於by短語,指過去、將來還是現在,也取決於謂語動詞是動作動詞還是狀態動詞。詳述如下:

1)by引導的時間狀語表示過去某一時間

(1)如謂語動詞是動作動詞,該動作到by短語所示時間時已經完成,則用過去完成時。如:

①By the time he was ten, he had already built a chemistry lab for himself.

到了十歲時,他爲自己建了一個化學實驗室。

(2)如謂語動詞是動作動詞,該動作到by短語所示時間時尚在進行之中,則用過去進行時。如: ①By seven o'clock, the wind was blowing harder than ever.

到七點時,北風比以往吹得更強勁了。

(3)如謂語動詞是狀態動詞,表示到by短語所示時間時存在的狀態,則用過去時。如:

①By that time the Japanese were already very near.

到那時,日本人已經很近了。

②By then he knew what he wanted to be when he grew up.

到那時,他知道他長大後要幹什麼。

(4)如謂語動詞是狀態動詞,表示到by短語所示時間時該狀態已延續若干時間,則用過去完成時。這時,另有一個表示一段時間的狀語,說明該狀態延續的時間長度。如: ①By the end of last month, my brother had been on that ship for two years.

到上月底,我兄弟在那艘輪船上已有兩年了。

2)by短語表示將來某一時間

(1)謂語動詞如果是動作動詞,則用將來完成時或一般將來時,表示到by短語所表示的時間時該動作將完成。如:

①Quite often you'll find the unknown word comes again, perhaps several times and by the end of the chapter you'll have guessed its meaning.

你常常會發現,那個不認識的單詞會再次出現,也許會多次出現。到全章快讀完時,你就會猜出這個詞的意義了。

②We will have the work completed by noon tomorrow.

到明天中午我們將把工作做完。

在主動詞爲過去式的賓語從句中則用過去將來時。如:

③Mrs Adams thought the movie would be finished by 10:30 p. m. 亞當斯認爲電影到晚上十點半會結束。

(2)如謂語動詞是狀態動詞,則用一般將來時,表示到by短語所示時間將出現的狀態。如:

①Your son will be all right by supper time.

到吃晚飯時你兒子(的病)就會好了。

②He won't be here by this time tomorrow.

明天這個時候他還不會到這裏。

3)by短語表示現在

如謂語動詞是動作的動詞,則用現在完成時,表示到現在該動作已完成。如: Perhaps she's recovered by now. 也許現在她已恢復健康了。

4.be able to與can的用法區別

be able to表示能力,意思上與can沒有區別,但can只有現在式和過去式(could),而 be able to則有更多的形式,體現在be的時態變化上。例如:

①No one is able to do it. (= No one can do it.) 沒人能做這件事。

②We shall be able to finish the work next week.

我們下週將能完成這項工作。

③I haven't been able to find the book. 我沒能夠找到那本書。

常用句型結構

1.as…as…中第一個as是副詞,第二個as是連詞,其基本用法如下:

1)如果我們要說兩個東西在某方面是一樣的,同我們就可以用as…as… 加一個原級形容詞或副詞。如:

①It's as cold as ice. 它象冰一樣冷。

②He drove as fast as he could. 他儘可能快開。

在非正式文體中,第一個as往往省略。美國英語尤其如此。例

如:

③She's bard as mails. 她冷酷無情。

如果第二個as後面跟的是人稱代詞,可以用主格(I,he,we等),也可以用賓格(me,him,us等)。在正式的文體中多用主格(as clever as I),但在非正式的講話或文字中,賓格較爲普通(as clever as me)。

【注意】在作否定的比較時,可用not as…as…,也可用not so…as…。在現代英語中,兩者都是正確的。例如:

④She's not as/ so nice as her sister. 她不如她姐姐好。

2)如果涉及數量,我們可以用as much …as…或as many …as…加一個名詞。

例如:

①I haven't got as much money as I thought.

我沒有原來想象的那麼多錢。

②We need as many records as possible.

我們需要儘量多弄到一些唱片。

▲as much和 as many也可用作代詞,後面不跟名詞。如:

③I ate as much as I could. 我放開肚子大吃了一頓。

④He didn't catch as much as he'd hoped.

他沒有得到預期的那麼多。

▲as much還可以用作狀語,來修飾某個動作或狀態。如:

⑤You ought to rest as much as possible. 你應當儘量多休息。

3)as…as還可以與twice,three times等連用,也可以與half,a quarter等連用。例如:

①I'm not going out with a man who's twice as old as me.

我不願意和一個年紀比我大一倍的人一起參加社交活動。

②We got three times as many people as expected.

來的人超過我們預料人數的兩倍。

③You're not half as clever as you think you are.

你可不象自己想象的一半那麼聰明。

2.“too…to…”意爲“太……以致於不能……”。例如:

①He's too old to work. 他太老了,不能工作了。

②It's too late for the pubs to be open.

天太晚了,酒館不會營業了。

③It's too heavy for you to lift. 太重了,你提不起來。

【注意】當glad,eager,easy,pleased等形容詞放在“too…to…”結構中的“too”後時,其後的不定式短語往往含有肯定意義。例如:

①I am too eager to join the Youth League. 我非常渴望加入共青團。

②I am too glad to meet you. 見到你我非常高興。

3.感嘆句的兩種形式

感嘆句由 What或 How引導。What後接名詞;How後接形容詞或副詞。構成以下句型:What+a(an)+(adj.)+可數名詞單數;What+(adj.)+可數名詞複數或不可數名詞以及How+(adj. & adv). +句子。例如:

①What an interesting film we saw yesterday!

昨天我們看的電影真有趣!

②What delicious beancurd you offered me!

你給我的豆腐真好吃!

③How delicious the soup is! 這湯真香!

④How hard the farmers are working in the fields!

農夫們在田野裏幹得多起勁!