牛津高中英語模組一（第七講）

主講教師：邵磊

主審： 孫德霖

【教學內容與教學要求】

一、 教學內容：

牛津高中英語模組一（複習）

【知識重點與學習難點】

一、 重要單詞：

attend, earn, achieve, respect, prepare, drop, miss, experience, introduce, develop, donate, display, please, regret, inform, run, approve, select, require, broadcast, continue, trust, leave, punish, upset, insist, suggest, forbid, stay, recover, contain, include, follow, consider, affect, risk, recognize, concentrate, count// assembly, grade, literature, dessert, article, field, culture, gift, speech, attention, flat, dynasty, host, generation, nature, vacation, trash, mess, charge, adult, reason, teenager, fault, scene, scenery, explanation, behavior, period, argument, relationship, figure, failure, chemical, match, damage, pressure, diet, effect, energy, calorie, system, amount, loss, suggestion// challenging, average, former, latter, recent, close, scary, crazy, rude, boring, valuable, spare, selfish, unloving, slim, ashamed, priceless, harmful, harmless, exactly, attractive, embarrassed, overweight, skinny, regular, relaxed// recently, mainly, truly, sincerely, seldom, properly.

二、重點詞組：

at ease with 和….相處不拘束 school hours學校作息時間 earn respect from 贏得…的尊敬 sound like聽起來象 for free 免費 get a general idea 瞭解大意 as well as 除….以外, 也 key words 關鍵詞 word by word 逐字逐句地 find one’s way around 認識路 develop an interest in 培養對….的興趣 surf the Internet網上衝浪, expect… 期望

refer to 指 , , leave out省略 , relate to 和…相關 , pay attention to注意, in short form用宿略的形式, take place發生, make decisions作決定, make comparisons作比較, take turns輪流, be responsible for對…負責, consist of包含,由…構成, come up with想出, base on根據, have it approved by…徵得…..的同意, inform sb of sth告知, sign up簽名參加 common to對…來說很普遍, turn up調高聲音, 出現 a waste of 浪費, spare time空餘時間, force……強迫（某人）做 , can’t wait to.. 迫不及待地要 , be supposed to被期望或要求, 本應該， do with 處置, 忍受， 需要 be a mess/ in a mess亂成一團, leave sb in charge 委託 …..負責, act like行爲舉止象 …, go unpunished不受懲罰, go out熄滅, have one’s arm crossed雙臂交叉抱在胸前, deserve to值得去做,常用否定形式表示“不配” be hard on對某人苛刻, now that既然, in the form of以 的形式, be angry at對某事生氣, even if即使, treat sb like…象 一樣對待 , argue about爲 …而爭吵, the cause of起因, differ in many ways在許多方面不同, fit badly非常不合身, rising/falling tone升調、降調, talk show談話節目, main point要點, supporting information輔助性資訊, a diary entry一篇日記, be proud of爲….感到驕傲, stay up late熬夜, mix up混淆, after all畢竟, take one’s advice接受建議, miss doing sth懷念以前做的某事, keep in mind記住, get it tidied up把它整理好, clean up打掃乾淨, make a difference要緊, provide sb with sth/provide sth for sb爲某人提供, provided that假如, to one’s surprise使某人驚奇的是, as though就好像, insist on doing堅持要做, allow him his freedom允許給他自由, send sb to bed叫某人去睡覺, forbid sb from doing sth禁止某人做某事, assign roles to分派角色,

work out鍛鍊、訓練, go on diets/a diet實行節食, in secret私自, side effect副作用, put on weight體重增加, lose weight減肥, be ashamed of對….感到羞恥, an exact match for和….完全匹配的…， follow one’s advice聽從某人的建議, sound fun聽起來象是件有趣的事, team sport團隊運動, build up增強, regret doing sth後悔做了某事, risk doing sth冒做某事的風險.

call sb names罵人, cheer up高興起來, closely related緊密相關的, live(lead) a…. life過着….樣的生活, , a headache to令人頭疼的人或事, along with一起, in the long term(run)從長遠角度看, give up on放棄, a good amount of適量的、許多, in no time很快, give out分發、發出, allow enough time for sb to do…留出充足的時間讓某人做某事, skip meals不吃飯.

【語法難點解析】

一、 定語從句

1．關係代詞和關係副詞的區別：

在判斷和使用引導詞時，主要採用以下方法：判成分、看指代。首先，判斷引導詞在定語從句中所作的成分，如果引導詞作主語、賓語、表語或定語，就用關係代詞that（作主語、賓語或表語）, which（作主語或賓語）, who（作主語或賓語）, whom（作賓語）, as（作主語、賓語或表語）, whose（作定語），其中that, which, who, whom作賓語時，一般可省略; 如果作狀語，就用關係副詞when（作時間狀語，相當於"介詞+which"）, where（作地點狀語, 相當於"介詞+which"）, why（作原因狀語, 相當於for which）。其次，看引導詞指代什麼，如果指物，就用which; 如果指人，就用 who, whom; that 和whose既可指人, 又可指物。試比較:

1. Do you think the reason that he gave us is reasonable?

Do you know the reason why he is so upset?

2. I like the café where I can buy different snacks.

I like the café which sells Italian coffee.

I like the café whose regular customers are young.

2．as和which引導非限制性定語從句時的區別：

as和which引導非限制性定語從句時，都可在從句中作主語或賓語, 指代整個主句。

which 引導的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句的後面，意爲"這一點、這件事"；as引導的非限制性定語從句可以放在主句之前、之中或之後，經常用於as is said above, as we know, as is well known, as is often the case, as is reported, as was expected等結構中，as含有"正如、正像"之意。例如：

He is always asking Mum for money, which makes his mother very angry.

He asked Mum for money again, as was expected.

3．介詞提前時，定語從句的引導詞只能用 which, whom, whose,而不能用that或who。在判斷使用什麼樣的介詞時，一要看句意；二要看搭配關係，即看後面的謂語動詞和前面被定語從句修飾的名詞以確定應搭配什麼樣的介詞。

4．一般情況下，關係代詞that和which可以互換，但在下列幾種情況下，常用that，而不用which：

① 當先行詞是不定代詞時；

② 當先行詞被形容詞最進階或序數詞修飾時；

③ 當先行詞被不定代詞修飾時；

④ 當先行詞被the very， the only等修飾時；

⑤ 當先行詞既有人又有物時。

二、 反意疑問句

1．在肯定的祈使句後，爲了使祈使句聽起來比較婉轉、客氣可加一個簡短的問句，如：will you？would you？won't you？can you？could you？can't you？最常用的是will you？或won't you？注意在否定的祈使句後，只能用will you？

2．陳述部分是含有賓語從語的主從複合句時，疑問部分中的動詞和主語代詞應和主句中的動詞和主語保持一致。但是，如果陳述部分是“I don’t think（believe，…）+賓語從句”時，疑問部分中的動詞和主語應和賓語從句中的動詞和主語保持一致，並且要用肯定形式。

三、虛擬語氣

虛擬語氣是一種動詞形式，表示說話人的一種願望，假設，懷疑，猜測， 建議等含義，虛擬語氣所表示的含義不是客觀存在的事實。

1． 非真實條件句

1）時態：可以表示過去，現在和將來的情況。它的基本特點是時態退後。

a. 同現在事實相反的假設。

句型 ：

條件從句一般過去時+主句would/might/should(should 僅用於第一人稱) +動詞原形

If they knew that Soot was ill and we used the money to take him to the vet, (they would understand why the house was in a mess).

2． b. 表示於過去事實相反的假設。

句型： 條件從句過去完成時+主句would/might/should(should 僅用於第一人稱)have+ 過去分詞

If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.

2．在賓語從句中的應用

在表示命令、建議、要求等一類動詞後面的從句中：

order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + that sb (should) do

1) I suggest that we (should) put off the meeting till next week.

2) He insisted that they (should ) be informed of our descision

3．. 用於wish後面的從句，表示與事實相反的情況，或表示將來不太可能實現的願望。

1）I wish I knew the answer.

2) Iwish I had known you earlier.

4. if only

if only則表示"如果……就好了"。If only也可用於陳述語氣。

If only Dad were here.

If only he comes early.但願他早點回來。

5. would rather +從句（從句中的謂語動詞用一般過去時表示將來）

1) I’d rather you left me alone.

2) I’d rather you didn’t tell he now.

6. should have/could have+完成時表示“本應該、本可以”

1) None of us stopped to think and we should have.

2) We could have been good friends.

【同步練習】

一、單項選擇

1. My husband has lost so much weight that you can hardly _______ him if you see him.

A. realize B. aware of C. recognize D. hold

2. I was about to leave _______ the telephone rang.

A. before B. as C. while D. when

3. They spent as many hours as they could ______ their lessons.

A. to study B. study C. studying D. studies

4. He has made another wonderful discovery, ______ of great importance to science.

A. which I think it B. which I think it is

C. that I think is D. which I think is

5. It was in that house he used to live the secret meeting was held.

A．where；where B．that；that

C．what；where D．where；that

6. The foreign guests, were scientists, were warmly welcomed at the airport.

A．most of them B．most of whom

C．most of that D．most of those

7. Africa is actually connected with Asia at the spot the Suez Canal was dug.

A．when B．where C．which D．and

8. It is getting hotter and hotter in Florida, is usual.

A．and B．it C．as D．that

9. Finally, the thief handed everything he had stolen to the police.

A．which B．what C．whatever D．that

10. Such a problem should be settled first.

A．like that is B．as this

C．as that this is D．like this is

11. I, your friend ,will try my best to help you.

A．that is B．which am C．who is D．who am

12. The first place we visited in that city was a big factory.

A．where B．in which C．that D．which

13. He must be from Africa, can be seen form his skin

A．that B．as C．it D．what

14. Have you ever considered _______ on a diet?

A. go B. to go C. going D. gone

15. I think Jim should have told his mother the truth, _________?

A. shouldn’t he B. hasn’t he C. haven’t he D. do I

二、完形填空

The cold weather of the last weeks has had a surprising result. Forty thousand Russian red-necked ducks have 1 in Britain where the weather is like spring to them.

The Russian red-necked ducks manage perfectly well at temperatures down to thirty degrees 2 zero. They wouldn’t think of 3 home at minus forty. But，as the weather gets colder， they make a quick 4 to take off together all with a single thought 5 “Go somewhere 6 .”

Last Tuesday the small 7 near my house was invaded by about three hundred Russian red-necked ducks, a noisy lot， though I must say they were not troublesome. Our local birds were at first quite 8 by these 9 from far away，and there were some obvious language difficulties too. At nine o clock I went down 10 to the edge of the lake，with a little bread and milk 11 our own birds. I saw them standing up， 12 the foreigners to eat up everything. But my worry proved 13 : the red-necked birds didn’t like the bread at all. Many of them 14 a mouthful，and threw up. In fact they pushed and fought to get away from the food，15 own birds looked at them 16 . My wife had 17 me down the path with a hopeless cake she had made on Monday evening. She had forgotten to turn off the electricity in time，and the cake got 18 . Now that， the Russian birds 19 ，though our birds wouldn’t touch it. We realized then the visitors were used to 20 bread probably， and my wife agreed to make some for them.

1.A. reached B. got C. arrived D. left

2.A. below B. under C. over D. above

3.A. staying B. leaving C. getting D. making

4.A. conclusion B. plan C. advice D. decision

5.A. by heart B. in mind C. in heart D. on mind

6.A. hotter B. colder C. warmer D. cooler

7.A. lake B. village C. town D. hill

8.A. pleased B. delighted C. moved D. upset

9.A. strangers B. passengers C. enemies D. pioneers

10.A. as ever B. as usual C. as often D. as before

11.A. form B. on C. for D. to

12.A. expecting B. expected C. watch D. watching

13.A. untrue B. true C. unnecessary D. necessary

14.A. tried B. ate C. had D. managed

15.A. your B. our C. their D. his

16.A. in sadness B. in a line C. in excite D. in surprise

17.A. followed B. walked C. made D. advised

18.A. burnt B. burned up C. burning D. burned down

19.A. sucked B. drank C. loved D. hated

20.A. white B. black C. green D. red

【參考答案】

一、CDCDD, BBCDB, DCBCA

二、CABDB, CADAB, CACAB, DAACB