NSEFC 中考考前輔導

英語學科升學考試是選拔性功能的一種考試。其主要功能，是透過考生成績爲各類進階中等學校錄取合格新生提供依據。

命題原則：

1．試卷精心編寫，設定合理，結構簡約，題量適度，但每個題目的含量大，覆蓋面廣，且無偏題、怪題。

2．基礎題立足基礎，注重雙基；中等題體現層次、區分度；較難題立意創新，貼近生活，突出語言交際、應用與實踐能力。

3．突出語境化原則，注重思想性，保證科學性。

近年來中考命題的一些特點：

1. 觀念新, 立意新, 選材新, 內容新, 題型新。結合實際，思想性強，力求向新大綱靠攏，充分體現創新精神，旨在培養學生的能力。

2．對初中實施素質教育起到了導向作用，有利於教師更新教學觀念，不斷加強自身學習，調整教學思路，豐富教學方法；鼓勵學生拓展知識，開闊眼界，將現實生活與課內學習緊密結合。

3．注重了知識的外延與深化，旨在培養學生良好的學習習慣，過硬的心理素質、科學的思維方式和自主的創新意識。

4．強調試題的語境，試題語言的原汁原味，更加註重對學生語言運用能力和語言感覺的考查。

5.語言生動、活潑、新穎；內容豐富多彩、有趣味；給考生留有思考和想象的空間，能夠激發學生學習英語的興趣和動力。

6．試題設計難度適中，坡度合理，與高中教學接軌，有利於對高素質學生的選拔。

一、聽力:

1．沒有太多的技巧，聽力中所出現的對話都不會很長，句子也比較短，考查的都是最基本的語言在實際中的應用；文段部分雖然比較長，但語言本身不會很難，內容也一般會採用同學們都比較熟悉的故事或與生活有聯繫的文章，因此，同學們對語言越熟悉，就越容易聽得明白，另外要克服畏難心理。

2．在中考前的這段時間每天堅持聽一點（十分鐘左右），並且要每天堅持大聲朗讀，這樣會有效地提高聽力水平。

3．在開考前，拿到試卷後，應當有足夠的時間將所有的聽力題的題乾和選項瀏覽一遍，如果時間允許的話，還可以把前五道題在看一下。

4．在聽力考試的過程中，要儘快做出判斷，不要把注意力放在拿不準的題上，以免延誤了時間，而影響到下面的聽力內容。

二、單項選擇、選詞填空和完成句子:

這兩部分主要是考查同學們對詞彙、語法（詞義辨析，固定搭配，時態、語態）、句子（句法）、句型、句式的應用，在複習的過程中，同學們首先要背熟考綱中所出現的詞彙，詞彙是一切語言運用的基礎，在此基礎上，在複習的過程中，同學們應當注意易混的地方、容易錯的地方、特別是那些容易受到母語干擾的地方。下面，我們分項把易混、易錯、易受到干擾的地方分別看一下。

第一部分 名詞

1．名詞的分類：可數名詞和不可數名詞

2．可數名詞數的變化，單數和複數兩種形式，單數用定冠詞the和不定冠詞a/an修飾。複數有以下化規則：

* 一般的在詞尾加s

* 以s, x, ch, sh結尾的名詞詞尾加es

* 以f或fe結尾的名詞將f或fe變爲ves

knife---knives, wife---wives, life---lives, leaf---leaves, shelf---shelves, thief---thieves, half---halves, self---selves

但roof---roofs

* 以o結尾的名詞有兩種變化形式

（1） 加es：英雄 (hero---heroes) 吃 土豆 (potato---potatoes) 西紅柿 (tomato---tomatoes)

（2） 加s：有個人去了zoo---zoos，上面掛着一幅photo---photos，畫中有一架piano---pianos，上面放着一臺radio---radios，重一kilo---kilos。

* 以輔音字母加y結尾的名詞，將y去掉加ies

特別要注意元音字母加y結尾的名詞：boys, holidays, monkeys, chimneye, keys…

* 不規則變化

man---men, woman---women, Englishman---Englishmen, Frenchman---Frenchmen, postman---postmen, businessman---businessmen, policeman---policemen, policewoman---policewomen, snowman---snowmen, child---children, foot---feet, tooth---teeth, mouse---mice

* 單複數同形

fish, sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese

* 總是使用複數形式的

clothes, trousers, people, shoes, boots, socks, stockings, pants, shorts, earrings, glasses

3. 不可數名詞（不可數名詞沒有複數形式）

*物質名詞量的表達方式：物質名詞是不可數名詞，表示物質名詞的量，可以用以下兩種方式

1) 用形容詞或短語修：little, a little, a bit of, some, much, a lot of, lots of, plenty of等

2) 用容器表示：a cup of, a glass of, a bottle of, a bowl of, a piece of, a loaf of, a slice of等。表示兩杯，四張等概念時，在容器後加複數，同時，謂語動詞要與容器的數保持一致。

3) 注意下面的用法：

The horse is useful. (可數、類別)

A horse is useful. (可數、類別)

Horses are useful. （複數、類別）

I like music. （不可數、非特指）

I like the music in this CD. （不可數、特指）

4. 名詞和形容詞注意用法。

wool --- woolen, sun --- sunny, wind --- windy, rain --- rainy, snow --- snowy, shower --- showery, mist --- misty, cloud --- cloudy, luck --- lucky, noise --- noisy, friend --- friendly, pleasure --- pleasant, danger --- dangerous, difference --- different, health --- healthy, difficulty --- difficult

1. The __________ is in the sky. It’s a __________ day today. (sun, sunny)

2. _________ is very important. If you want to keep _________, you must do exercise every day. (health, healthy)

3. Oh, my God, bad __________. I lost the game again. I am not __________ today. (luck, lucky)

4. The boy is in __________. Let’s hurry and help him out of the __________ place. (danger, dangerous)

5. The __________ boys are making __________ in the classroom now. (noise, noisy)

5. 各國情況一覽表

國家 ~國的 ~國人 人的複數

China Chinese Chinese Chinese

Japan Japanese Japanese Japanese

England English Englishman (woman) Englishmen (women)

Britain British British man (woman) British men (women)

France French Frenchman (woman) Frenchmen (women)

Germany German German Germans

America American American Americans

Australia Australian Australian Australians

Russia Russian Russian Russians

Canada Canadian Canadian Canadians

6. 名詞的所有格（作形容詞用，修飾名詞）

* 有生命的事物可在其後加’s，表示所屬。

單數名詞’s：a dog’s tail, Helen’s doctor

複數名詞s’：a girls’ school, ladies’ hats

特殊變化的複數，變化後再加’s：Women’s Day, children’s palace

複合名詞在最後一個詞後加’s：somebody else’s umbrella, each other’s names

表示幾個人共同擁有一樣東西，在最後一個人的名字後加’s：Lucy and Lily’s mother

表示東西分別屬於幾個人，則在每個人的名字後都加’s：Lucy’s and Lily’s schoolbags

* 無生命的事物，可用“the/a + 所有物 + of + 所有者”表示所屬： a map of China, the door of this classroom, the leaves of the tree

* 表示價格、距離、時間、重量等的名詞可加’s或s’表示所屬： today’s newspaper, twenty miles’ journey, three pounds’ weight, ten dollars’ coffee

* 當限定詞與名詞或代詞的所有格修飾同一個名詞時，兩者不能同時放在該名詞的前面，必須用“雙重所有格”的形式，即“a, an, this, that, these, those, some, any, no等 + 名詞 + of + 所有格形式”表示所屬。

a classmate of mine, a friend of his brother’s

第二部分 冠詞

1．不能單獨使用的虛詞，只能附着在一個名詞上，幫助說明這個名詞的含義。

2．定冠詞the

（1）用於重新提到的人或事物的前面。

（2）用於說話雙方丟知道的人或事物的前面。

（3）用於單數可數名詞前面，表示某一類人或事物。（The horse is useful）

（4）用於世界上獨一無二的事物前面。the world, the sun, the universe

（5）用於由普通名詞構成的專有名詞前面。 the USA, the UN, the Great Wall, the Summer Palace

（6）用於序數詞、形容詞最進階及only所修飾的名詞前面。the first, the most interesting, the only person

（7）用於姓氏的複數形式前面，表示全家人或夫婦。 the Whites

The Whites are having supper now.

（8）用於表樂器的名詞前面。

（9）用語某些形容詞前面，表示某一類人或事物。the rich, the old

In our country, the old are living a happy life.

（10）不用定冠詞的情況：三餐、球類、棋類、遊戲名詞的前面。have lunch, play basketball, play chess

He can play the piano, but he can’t play football.

3．不定冠詞a和an

（1）用於單數可數名詞前，表示泛指，說明其名稱和種類，具有“一個……”的意思，但不強調是一個。

A horse is useful A boy is standing under the tree.

（2）修飾的名詞以輔音因素開頭或修飾的名詞前有輔音因素開頭的形容詞時，使用a。a European, a university, a new airport, a good example

（3）修飾的名詞以元音因素開頭或修飾的名詞前有元音因素開頭的形容詞時，使用an。an hour, an honest boy, an important meeting, an amazing park

4．注意下列無冠詞詞組：

go to school/work/hospital/college, at school/work, in hospital, at home, at noon/night, at last, by bus/car/air/plane/ water/ship/boat/ bike, on foot

第三部分 數詞

1．基數詞用於記數，和hundred, thousand, million, billion等位數組合使用時，這些位數只用單數形式。two thousand, five million。注意區分：millions of, hundreds of

2．序數詞用於數數。

3．由基數詞變序數詞時，通常在基數詞結尾加th，表示“整十位數”的基數詞詞尾由ty變爲tieth，特殊變化總結：one --- first, two --- second, three --- third, five --- fifth, nine – ninth, twelve --- twelfth

易寫錯的：nine – nineteen – ninety ninth – nineteenth – ninetieth

four – fourteen – forty fourth – fourteenth – fortieth

4．表示次數的特殊詞：once, twice

5．分數表示法：分子用基數，分母用序數，分子大於一，分母加s。如果帶整數，之間加and。

1/5 = one fifth, 2/3 = two thirds, 1/2 = a half/one half, 1/4 = one fourth/a quarter, 3/4 = three fourths/three quarters

第四部分 代詞

1．代詞分爲人稱代詞、物主代詞、自身（反身）代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞、疑問代詞、連接代詞和關係代詞。

易錯的代詞：ourselves themselves yourselves

Help yourselves, boys.

She is a friend of mine/my father’s.

My book is on the floor. 和The book on the floor is mine.

2. it的用法

1) 代替前面提到過的名詞。- Where is the chair? - It’s in the living room.

2) 指時間、天氣和距離。What time is it? It was hot yesterday. It’s three miles to the station.

3) 作形式主語和形式賓語。It’s wrong to tell a lie. I think it better to do so. I find it easy to learn English.

3．指示代詞的基本用法

1）指示代詞有this, that, these, those，可以作句子的主語、表語、賓語和定語。

2）爲了避免重複，可以用that, those代替前面提到過的名詞，不可數名詞通常要用that 來代替。

The weather of Kunming is better than that of Beijing.

The radios made in Shanghai are as good as those made in Tianjin.

3）this, that都可以指上文提到過的事情，但若指下文將要敘述的事情，只能用this。

He was ill. That/This is why he didn’t come.

What I hope is this. You will finish it in two hours.

4. 不定代詞的基本用法

1．不定代詞一覽表

可數 each, one, many, few, a few, both, another, either, neither

不可數 much, little, a little

可數和不可數 all, some, none, such, any, other

複合不定代詞 anybody, anyone, anything, somebody, someone, something, nobody, everybody, everyone, everything

2．易混淆的不定代詞

（1）some, any

some any

修飾可數名詞複數和不可數名詞。

用於肯定句和表示建議、請求的疑問句中（期待一個肯定答案）。I have some books/d you like some meat? （表建議）Is there some butter in the fridge?（期待一個肯定答案） 用於疑問句、否定句及條件句。She doesn’t have any brothers or you any of the teachers? （單純提問）If you have any questions you can ask me.

（2）few, a few, little, a little

用法 含義

肯定（有一點） 否定（幾乎沒有）（有，但不夠用）

可數 a few (only a few)There are a few pears on the table. few （very few）I can see few flowers in the garden.

不可數 a little (only a little)There is a little sugar in the jar. little (very little)There is little bread for supper. We’d better buy some.

（3）many, much

many much

表示數量多，相當於a lot of, lots of, plenty of等。

修飾可數名詞複數，相當於a large number of。There are many tall buildings in this area. 修飾不可數名詞，相當於a great deal of。The girl drank much water after running.

（4）either, any

either any

均有“任一個”的含義。

指兩個人或物中的任一個。Either of the twins can tell you the address. 指兩個以上的人或物中的任一個。Any of my classmates knows the answer.

（5）each, every

each every

均有“每一個”的含義。

指兩個或兩個以上的人或物中的一個，側重強調個體、個性。There are many trees on each side of the street. each of them (對) every of them (錯) 指兩個以上的人或物中的一個，側重強調全體、共性。There were policemen on each/every side of the each have an apple. (對)They every have an apple. (錯)

（6）both, all

both all

均有“全部，都”的含義。

指兩個人或物Both of my parents are doctors. I see with both of my eyes. 指兩個以上的人或物All of my classmates came to my birthday party.

（7）neither, none

neither none

均有“都不” 的含義。

指兩個人或物中任意一個都不。She picked up the paper with neither of her hands. 指兩個以上人或物中任意一個都不。I know none of the three girls.

（8）each other, one another

each other one another

均有“彼此、互相”的含義。

指兩者之間互相。The couple hated each other. 指兩者以上之間互相。All the family members love one another.

現代英語中常可互換。

（9）

搭配 含義

one…another 一個……（隨意的）另一個（無範圍）I don’t like this one. Please show me another.

one…the other 一個……（剩餘僅有的）另一個（有範圍：有且只有兩個）I have two dogs; one is white, and the other is black.

one…the others 一個……（剩餘所有）其餘的（有範圍）（相當於the rest）Five students were in the computer room. One was a boy and the others were girls.

some…others 一些……別的（無範圍）Some (people) like swimming and others like jogging.

some…the others 一些……（剩餘所有）其餘的（有範圍）（相當於the rest）I know only some of the students here; the others are strangers to me.

1) I don’t like this one. Please show me __________. 2) Take the books you need and __________ are mime.

3) I have two dogs; one is white, and __________ is black.

4) Some (people) like swimming and __________ like running.

5) Five students were in the computer room. One was a boy and __________ students were girls.

第五部分 形容詞和副詞

1．形容詞和副詞的基本用法

* 形容詞用作句子的表語、定語和賓語補足語。

The park is nice.（作表語） She is a polite girl. （作定語）The news made him very happy. （作賓補）

* 副詞用作句子的狀語。

They sang loudly. （修飾動詞） Your work is quite good. （修飾形容詞）

You speak English very well. （修飾副詞） Luckily, he missed the accident. （修飾全句）

2．形容詞轉化副詞總結

* 形容詞直接加ly。

* 以le結尾的形容詞詞尾變化爲ly。 possible --- possibly, simple --- simply, terrible --- terribly

* 以一個輔音字母加y結尾的形容詞，改y爲i，再加ly。easily --- easily, busy --- busily, happy --- happily, lucky --- luckily, angry --- angrily

* 以l結尾的形容詞再加ly。full --- fully

* 以e結尾的形容詞變化有兩種情況，即去e再加ly和直接加ly。true --- truly free --- freely, safe --- safely, polite --- politely

* 特殊變化 good --- well

He looks well today. He sings well. He is a good singer.

* 注意本身以ly結尾的形容詞：friendly, lovely, deadly, lively, weekly, monthly

* 既是形容詞又是副詞的詞：An early bird comes out early.

3. 易混淆副詞的比較

1．hard: We must study hard.

hardly: I can hardly believe it.

2．high: We flew high in the sky.

highly: Parents usually speak highly of their children.

3．deep: I dug deep before I found water.

deeply: I deeply miss you.

4．wide: Open your mouth wide.

widely: English is widely used in the world.

5．near: He sat near me.

nearly: He was nearly killed.

6．not a bit: I’m not a bit tired. （I’m not tired at all.）

not a little: I’m not a little tired. （I’m very tired.）

4. 形容詞和副詞的比較等級

* as …. as… not as… as… not so… as… … than… … in/among…

5. 形容詞和副詞詞級的變化規則

* 形容詞

（1）一般單音節詞末尾加er, est。

（2）以一個輔音字母加y結尾的雙音節詞，改y爲i，再加er, est。happy --- happier --- happiest

（3）以一個輔音字母結尾的閉音節詞，雙寫結尾字母，再加er, est。red, big, hot, wet, thin, fat, sad, glad

（4）少數以er, ow結尾的閉音節詞末尾加er, est。clever - clever - cleverest, narrow - narrower - narrowest

（5）大多數的雙音節和多音節詞借more, most完成。

* 副詞

(1) 單音節和個別雙音節詞末尾加er, est。例如：high, higher, highest; fast, faster, fastest

(2) 絕大多數詞借more, most完成。

*形容詞和副詞詞級的特殊變化

原級 比較級 最進階

good, well better best

bad, ill, badly worse worst

old older, elder oldest, eldest

many, much more most

little less least

far farther, further farthest, furthest

*只做表語的表示狀態的形容詞無比較級和最進階：alive, awake, asleep, alone, afraid, ill

an ill girl (錯) a sick girl (對) The girl is ill / sick.

6．比較級固定表達

* 前加the的三種情況

（1）在比較級的句子中有“of the two”這類意義的詞組時

He is the thinner of the two boys. Lucy is the cleverer of the twins.

（2）在“the + 比較級……，the + 比較級……”句型中，表示“越是……，就越……”的意思。

The busier he is , the happier he feels. The harder you work, the more you will learn.

（3）在“one of the + 最進階 + 名詞複數”結構中，表示“最……的……之一”的意思。

It’s one of the largest supermarkets in the town.

Mary is one of the most popular teachers in her colleges.

*“比較級 + and + 比較級”短語，表示“越來越……”的意思。

The world’s population is growing faster and faster.

English is becoming more and more important.

*“as + 形容詞原級或副詞原級 + as possible”= “as + 形容詞原級或副詞原級 + as sb. can”，表示“儘可能……”的意思

Please come as early as possible tomorrow morning.

Please come as early as you can tomorrow morning.

7. 最進階中in, of, among的用法：

* 介詞in後面常接表示單位、團體、組織、時間概念等單數名詞或代詞。

That was the most exciting moment in 1949.

There is a factory near our school. He is the oldest in it.

Tom writes the most carefully in his class.

* 介詞of後面常接的名詞或代詞與句中主語是同一類人或事物，一般爲個體名詞，由the + 基數詞（+複數名詞）或all + the + 複數名詞表示。

This book is the most interesting of the five (books).

Of all the stars, the sun is the nearest to the earth.

* 介詞among後面常接賓格代詞、指示代詞以及沒有修飾詞的複數名詞。

The tiger is the most terrible among animals.

I don’t know anybody among them.

This picture is the most beautiful among these.

8. 常見錯誤分析

(1) 上海比中國的其他城市都大。

Shanghai is larger than any city in China.

講解：使用比較級時要避免自身和自身的比較。any city，任何一個城市，自然也包括上海，上海不可能比它本身還大。

正確：Shanghai is larger than any other city in China.

(2) 那本書是三本中最好的。

That book is the best in the three.

講解：in和of均引出比較範圍，in後面常接表示單位、團體、組織、時間概念等單數名詞或代詞；而of後的名詞或代詞與句中主語是同一類人或事物，一般爲個體名詞。

正確：That book is the best of the three.

(3) 星期天是我最繁忙的一天。

Sunday is the my busiest day.

講解：形容詞最進階前一般要用定冠詞the，但當其前已經有形容詞性物主代詞、名詞所有格等限定詞修飾時，應去掉the。

正確：Sunday is my busiest day.

(4) 他是兩個人中較年輕的一個。

He is younger of the two.

講解：一般說來，比較級前不用定冠詞，最進階前要用定冠詞，這是約定俗成的規則。但是如果比較範圍是由of引出的兩者之間的比較，則比較級前就要用定冠詞the。

正確：He is the younger of the two.

(5) 孔令輝是世界上最好的乒乓球運動員之一。

Kong Linghui is one of the best Ping pong player in the world.

講解：表示“最……之一”含義時應用“one of + 最進階 + 名詞複數”結構。

正確：Kong Linghui is one of the best Ping pong players in the world.

(6) 我哥哥比我大得多。

My brother is very older than I.

講解：very不可與比較級和最進階連用。比較級前的修飾語可以表示比較的程度，常用的有much, a little, a bit等。

正確： My brother is much older than I.

(7) 二年級的學生比一年級的學生多得多。

There are much more students in Grade Two than grade One.

講解：比較級修飾名詞時，如果該名詞爲可數名詞，可用many, a few修飾；如果該名詞爲不可數名詞，可用much, a little修飾。

正確：There are many more students in Grade Two than grade One.

(8) 芳芳寫字比圓圓認真。

Fangfang writes more careful than Yuanyuan.

講解：句中的謂語是行爲動詞write，修飾動詞的詞應該是副詞，而不是形容詞。

正確：Fangfang writes more carefully than Yuanyuan.

(9) 武漢的天氣比瀋陽熱。

The weather of Wuhan is colder than Shenyang.

講解：這裏做比較的是武漢的天氣和瀋陽的天氣，所以連詞後不能是Shenyang。比較對象如果是象天氣一類的不可數名詞，並且表示泛指時用that來代替，而不能用特指的it。

正確：The weather of Wuhan is colder than that of Shenyang.

(10) 日本小轎車比美國小轎車便宜。

The cars of Japan sell cheaper than ones of America.

講解：兩者比較代替前面出現的複數名詞時，ones是泛指，應該用those表示特指。

正確：The cars of Japan sell cheaper than those of America.

9．巧用形容詞和副詞的三個級別：

quite, rather, very, so，原級形、副緊跟後。

a little, a lot, much, far, even, still, 後面比較不可丟。

一人一物怎麼樣，定用原級來交談。

兩個as之間原，not as (so) … as表不如。

兩人兩物做比較，比較級加連詞than。

某人某物最怎樣，用最進階來判斷。

of短語，in短語，比較範圍在後邊。

第六部分 介詞

1．in

* in 年in 月in 年月，on日on 節on 某夜 （某個具體的半天）, at用於“點鐘”“中午”和“深夜”。(和 “今天”、“明天”和 “昨天”有關的時間短語通常不加冠詞.)

* 過……後（未來時間），與將來時連用：He will be back in an hour, in a week/in a few years’ time.

* in the tree（呆、落在樹上）和 one the tree

* in bed 和 on the bed

* Don’t read in the sun. I saw your picture in the newspaper.

2. on

* 在……上面，有接觸面on the desk, on the wall, on the tree（長在樹上）(區分over 和 above)

* 表示手段和工具：on the phone, on the Internet，on the radio

* 表示“關於”：a book on Chinese history

3. at

* 表示場所：（比較狹窄的場所）at school, at home, at a factory, at 2 Brown Street

* 表示“集中於一點”：look at, arrive at, be good at, shout at

4. to

* 表示所屬 “……的”： the key to…, the answer to …, the entrance to …, the ticket to …

5. towards

* 表示方向、朝向，而不是目的地

It will stop the sand from moving towards the rich farmland in the south.

6. onto

* on強調放置後的狀態，onto強調整個“放置動作”。 She fell onto the floor.

7. from

8. by

* 表示時間: 在……前；截止到…… by the end of, by the year 2010, by then (表示一個時間段)

* 表示場所: 在……旁邊，距離比near更近，stand by me

* 透過……手段、方法，泛指工具方式，by bike/car/bus/train/taxi/boat/ship(sea/water)/plane(air)

注意：不用冠詞，若用了冠詞或物主代詞修飾，就要相應地更換其他介詞，by bike = on the / one’s bike

另外，使用這樣的詞組時，注意不要受漢語的干擾。（I by bike to school.）

9. with

* 具有、帶有：He was a handsome boy with large bright eyes.

* 用某工具或方法：I see with my eyes. He wrote the letter with a new pen.

10. without

11. of

12. for

* 表示時間：達……之久（表示經過了多少時間），可以和一般現在時、過去時、將來時連用，但經常和完成時連用，He has lived here for 20 years. We will stay in the city for two days. I watched TV for two hours last night.

* 表示目的地：向……leave for

13. about

* 詢問某人某物的情況或提出建議: What (How) about your sister?

14. like

* 像，似: There is no place like home. 注意區分：He is like his mother.和 He likes his mother.

15. unlike

* 不似，不像，不同的，注意區分：dislike

16. behind

* 表示時間、進度：較……落後，比……晚，The train is ten minutes behind. far behind the times

17. under

* 表示位置: 在……之下, 注意和below的區別

* 表示“未滿”，Children under six years old can not drink in the public.

18. above

* 表示“在……之上”，I saw the moon above the roof.，通常表示“上面”的範圍，注意和“on、over”的區別。

19. below

* 表示“在……之下”，Shall I write my answer above or below the line? The temperature is six degrees below zero.，通常表示“上面”的範圍，注意和“under”的區別。

20. over

* 表示“在……的上面，覆於……之上”，通常指不接觸的“正上方”, The plane flew over the Rocky Mountains. He held his umbrella over me.

* 表示數量“超過……”,Over fifty people were at the party.

* 表示“遍及”: Dead leaves lay thick over the ground.

21. along

* 注意和alone的區別。

22. outside

23. inside

24. until

* 表示動作、狀態的繼續:（一直）……爲止，在……以前,I waited until three o’clock, but he didn’t come.,注意和 not … until…的區別。

25. since

26. near

* 表示時間“接近於……”, He called me near midnight.

27. past

* 表示“超過……”，at half past eleven, I think the singer now is past 30

2． 表示場所

* 經過，透過，在……之前，與（某人）錯過去,注意注意與動詞pass的過去式passed之間的區別。

28. between

* 注意與among的區別

29. among

30. into

* 注意：He came into the classroom. 和 He came in.

31. against

* 表示反對、敵對: Are you against my plan? Our school played against K High School at baseball.

* 表示“靠着”：He is standing there against the wall.

32. around

* 表示“大約”：I’ll be there around 3 o’clock.

33. across

* 注意和“through”、“cross”的區別

The old man walked across the road carefully. The old man crossed the road carefully.

That bridge across this river is the oldest in the town. The river runs through the city.

34. through

35. before

* 表示地點“在……之前”，The accident took place just before me.

36. after

* 表示地點“在……之後”，The headmaster came in after the teacher.

37. as

* 當作……，充任……，She works as a shop assistant in a book shop.。注意和“like”的區別，As a teacher, I am very careful. The little girl talked like a teacher.

38. except

* 注意與“besides”的區別。 Except English, he doesn’t like any subject. (He likes English only)

Besides English, he likes maths, physics and other subjects.

39. out of

40. 介詞短語

* 動詞 + 介詞: talk about, talk to, talk with, look at, listen to, call on, arrive at, arrive in, take care of, look after, wait for, speak to, stay with, think about, think of, come up with, write to, fill in, do well in, ask/call for help, borrow from, lend to, feed on, live on, get on with, fall behind, catch up with, think highly of, make a contribution to, thank for

* be + 形容詞 + 介詞: be kind to, be good at, be late for, be full of, be afraid of, be sorry for, be weak in, be amazed at, be famous for, be proud of, be covered with, be made of/in

* 介詞 + 名詞: in time, on time, in those days, by the way, by oneself, after school, of course, for a while, for example, for oneself, for hours (days, weeks, months, years), to one’s surprise, on earth, on show, on display, at the end of, on top of, at night, in the day, in the size of, in the north/south/east/west of（屬於內部, to the north/south/west/east of（屬於外部）

* 名詞 + 介詞: thanks to

* 其他: because of, instead of, spend on, spend in doing, pay for

41. 介詞分類

* 表示時間的介詞：at, on, in, till, by, from, for, since, during, before, after

* 表示地點的介詞： in, on, over, under, above, below, by, beside, before, behind, around, between, among, to, from, along, into, out of, through, across

* 表示地點的介詞in在裏面on在上，by和beside在近旁；above表示在上方，below恰好爲反向；若表正上用over，under表示正下方；in front of意在前，反意behind在後面。若在某時某地點，自然要把at選；從裏穿過用through，表面透過用across；進到裏面用into，落到上面用onto；from表示來何方，to和towards表朝向。

* 表示行爲着或手段的介詞：by, with

* 表示材料的介詞：of, from, in

* 表示原因、理由的介詞：from, of, at, for, with

* 表示目的的介詞：for

* 表示起源、來源的介詞：from, out of

* 表示附帶狀況的介詞：with, without

* 表示除外的介詞：except

* 表示所屬、修飾的介詞：of

第七部分 動詞

一、 動詞的分類

動詞是表示動作與狀態的詞。英語動詞有時態、語態、語氣和人稱、數等的變化。從是否被主語限制看，動詞可以分爲謂語動詞和非謂語動詞兩種。從含義上看，可分爲實意動詞、連繫動詞、助動詞和情態動詞四類。

1．實意動詞：能獨立作謂語的動詞。根據其句法作用分爲及物動詞和不及物動詞。

* 物動詞本身意義不完整，需要接賓語才能使其意思完整。

We do our homework every day. Mother bought a new watch.

* 不及物動詞自身意義完整，無需接賓語，可單獨使用成句，如需接賓語，需要在動詞後加介詞。

The sun rises in the east. She always sits in the back. She is singing.

I’m waiting for you. Listen to me, please.

* 有一部分動詞既可作及物動詞也可作不及物動詞。

The fly spreads disease. The news spreads quickly.

* 注意：動詞在英語中是及物還時不及物，不是根據中文習慣來定的，因此，我們要多讀、多記。

Do you agree to the plan? Look at the blackboard, please.

2．連繫動詞：用於連接主語和表語，說明主語的狀態、性質特徵或身份等。常見的連繫動詞分類：

* 表示狀態的be, seem, appear等。

* 表示感覺的look, sound, feel, smell, taste等由變化而來。

* 表示狀態變化的become, get, grow, turn, fall等。

* 其它：stand, keep, prove, remain等。

* 注意：系動詞後不用副詞，用形容詞，系動詞不用被動語態。She sings beautifully. Her song sounds beautiful.

3．助動詞一般無實際意義，知識幫助構成謂語，表示時態、語態、語氣等，或構成疑問式及否定式。英語的助動詞有：be (am, is, are, was, were, been, being); have (has, had), do (does, did), shall (should), will (would)

4．情態動詞：有一定的意義，無人稱和數的變化，和不帶to的動詞一起構成謂語，表示說話人的語氣。

二、 動詞的形式

英語動詞有四種基本形式：動詞原形（單三形式）、過去式、現在分詞、過去分詞。

1．單三人稱：與名詞變複數基本相同。

2．現在分詞

* 直接加ing

* 以不發音的e結尾的動詞，先去掉e，再加ing

注意：seeing

* 以重讀閉音節結尾的動詞，如末尾只有一個輔音字母，先雙寫這個輔音字母，再加ing

getting, sitting, putting, running, letting, cutting, hitting, digging, winning, stopping, shopping, dropping, swimming, beginning, forgetting, preferring 等等。

3．過去式

* 直接加ed，清對清，濁對濁

* 以e結尾的動詞只加d

* 以重讀閉音節結尾的動詞，如末尾只有一個輔音字母，先雙寫這個輔音字母，再加ed

* 以輔音字母加y結尾的動詞，變y爲i，再加ed

* 不規則變化

4．過去分詞

* 大多數同動詞過去式相同

三、 各種時態

1．一般現在時

* 注意第三人稱動詞的變化。

* 通常表示“習慣性、經常性的動作或狀態”。

*一般現在時的使用場合分爲兩大類：第一，不受現在時間限制的場合；第二，與現在時間相關的場合。

使用場合 典型語句

1．表示不受現在時間限制的自然現象以及自然界的各種情況。 The sun rises in the r boils at 100℃.

2．表示真理或道理，如某些格言、俗語等。 Practice makes e there is a will, there is a way.

3．表示不受現在時間限制的客觀事實。 Japan lies to the east of China. The river flows into the Pacific ocean.

4．表示涉及現在時間（往往是一個界限模糊的時間範圍）的慣常動作。 Mary always gets up at 6 o’ read English every morning.

5．某些表示現在時刻發生的動詞可以使用一般現在時，但此用法僅限於特定動詞。 I wish you a happy New Year.I declare the meeting open.

6．某些動詞雖然發生在過去，但在表達習慣上往往採取一般現在時形式。（此點是學習時容易忽略的） Mrs. Brown invites us to the party.I hear that Lucy is leaving for home.

7．表示已經預先計劃或安排肯定將要發生的動作。主要用於come, go, start, begin, leave, return, stop等瞬間動詞。句中常有表示將來時間的狀語。 Next week they leave for holidays begin in a month.

8．狀態動詞在涉及現在時間時不採取現在進行時形式，它們用一般現在時形式表示現在的狀態。 I have a new car. What do you think about it?

附註：狀態動詞是用來表示某種狀態的實意動詞，分爲四大類：1． 表示擁有的動詞，如have, own, possess等。2． 表示態度的動詞，如love, like, hate, prefer等。3． 表示感官活動的動詞，如see, hear, smell等。4． 表示某種心智狀況的動詞，如want, forget, remember, think, believe, realize, understand, know等。

* 例: The sun rises in the east.

I want to know what has happened since I left.

As a student, I work very hard.

Everybody loves their own country.

Our summer holiday begins in July.

He will go shopping if he has time this afternoon.

2. 一般過去時

* 一般過去時是用來表示過去時間範圍中的活動的一種時態，其中包括在過去一個時間點上發生的活動，也包括在過去一個時間段上發生的活動，還包括一些習慣用法。

使用場合 典型語句

1．表示發生在過去時間點上的動作。 I saw him came to see us yesterday.

2．表示發生在過去時間段上的動作，但側重其延續的全過程，並暗示這一過程的終止。 He slept for only three hours last stayed at home yesterday.

3．表示過去的慣常動作，用一般現在時表示慣常動作一樣，此用法多與頻度詞語相關。 We had four English classes every er smoked a lot three years ago.

4．表示過去連續發生的兩個或幾個動作，注意例句用and這一連詞的情況。 He ate and listened to the teacher stepped into the office and sat down.

5．在含有狀語從句的複合句中表示兩個過去發生的動作的時間關係。 We went to the house when it began to he walked, he sang.

* 例: He often got to school late last term.

He came in, sat down and asked for a glass of beer.

I want to know where you went yesterday.

He didn’t have supper until his father came back.

3. 現在進行時

* 現在進行時與現在一段時間或現在時刻的活動相關，主要用於現在正在進行的動作，注意所謂“現在進行”的不同情況，並注意某些習慣用法。

使用場合 典型語句

1．表示現在正在進行的活動。 I am writing a letter ! The boy is cleaning the window.

2．表示現在時間範圍內有間斷性的延續活動。 He is studying French at the father is writing a novel.

3．表示一種尚未完結的漸變過程。 It is getting warmer and world is becoming smaller.

4．與always, forever等副詞連用，表示說話人厭煩或認爲超過限度的動作。 He always is asking the is forever changing her clothes.

5．表示將要發生的動作或在最近按計劃或安排要進行的動作，此用法限於某些表示位置轉移的動詞。 We are leaving for London tomorrow.I’m meeting an important person this afternoon.

* 例: He is studying French at the university.

The world is becoming smaller.

He is always asking questing. He is always working hard.

The bus is coming in a minute. We are leaving for London tomorrow.

4. 過去進行時

* 過去進行時的某些用法和現在進行時有相似之處，但也有某些習慣用法不盡相同。應該注意過去進行時在某些複合句中的時態配合問題，主句動詞與從句動詞在此種情況下具有各種不同類型的關係。

使用場合 典型語句

1．表示在過去某時刻正在進行的活動。 I was doing my homework at ten o’clock last was raining when I woke up.

2．表示過去某段時間範圍裏有間斷地延續的動作。 He was working in Nanjing at that were building a new bridge.

3．在複合句中使用過去進行時。 He was reading while his wife was e he was driving, he was thinking about the matter.

4．特定用法：“過去進行時 + when + 一般過去時” 表示“某動作正在進行忽然間發生了另一動作”。 They were talking about the boss when the boss came in.I was walking down the street when it began to snow.

5．表示對過去某一時刻來說將要發生的動作，限於位置轉移的動詞。 He was coming a few days were moving to another city.

* 例: They were talking about the boss when the boss came in.

He was reading while his wife was cooking.

5. 現在完成時

* 現在完成時涉及到現在，但動作不一定發生在現在這一時刻，它往往與說話人及其所處情景有密切關聯。對於一個發生在過去的動作，則使用現在完成時。因此，現在完成時不僅是表示“現在完成了的”一個意思。現在完成時也用於動作從過去的某個時間開始，一直延續到現在。

使用場合 典型語句

1．表示過去發生的某動作對現在的影響。 I have seen him have finished the work.

2．表示過去開始延續到現在的動作。 They have lived here for two has stayed in bed for three days.

3．表示從過去到現在某動作總共發生的次數。 She has been to London has done it many times.

4．表示從過去到現在某動作所涉及的總數量。 The writer has written three have had four cakes.

5．其否定形式表示從過去到現在沒有發生的動作，此時可用“for + 一段時間”的時間狀語。 They haven’t heard from him for two hasn’t cleaned the room for two days.

6．在since的特定語句中使用現在完成時。 She has worked in Shanghai since I came to has been a university student since 3 years ago.

7．用現在完成時與特定詞語結合表示說話人的態度情感。 I have never read such an interesting is the cleverest boy I have ever met.

* have/has been to 和have/has gone to的區別。

* 要注意現在完成時和一般過去時的區別。

* 現在完成時的“三不”

1) 現在完成時不能和明確表示過去的時間狀語連用，如just now, yesterday, last, in 1990等。

2) 現在完成時的瞬間動詞肯定式不與“for/since”引導的時間狀語連用。

3) 現在完成時不能同疑問副詞when連用。

* 例: I can’t find my pen. Have you seen it?

- What time is it? - It’s nine o’clock. - Oh, I didn’t know it.

- Have you just arrived? - Yes. I arrived five minute ago.

He is the cleverest boy I have ever met.

He has made the same mistake many times.

We have read four books in this term.

It’s three years since we met last time. = It has been three years since we met last time

6. 過去完成時

* 是一個“相對過去”的時態。

使用場合 典型語句

1．表示過去某時前業已放生的動作或情況。（過去的過去）有時，句中有明顯的過去時間的表述；有時句中沒有明顯的時間狀語，時間由上下文表示出來。（過去完成時表示的動作比另一個過去動作先發生） By the end of last June, they had learned more than 3,000 English suddenly remembered that he hadn’t locked the door.

2．在包含when, as soon as, before, after, until等連詞的複合句中，如果主要謂語和從句謂語的過去動作是在不同時間發生的，那麼先發生的動作通常用過去完成時表示。 She didn’t go to bed until she had finished her had passed the button before we could stop him.

* 注意與一般過去時和現在完成時的區別。

* 例: In the afternoon, I got home at 4 o’clock. I finished my homework. Then I went out to play with my friends.

Before I went out to play with my friends, I had finished my homework.

After I had finished my homework, I went out to play with my friends.

We have learned more than 2000 English words.

We had learned more than 1700 English words by the end of last term.

He cleaned the room.

He told me he had cleaned the room.

7. 一般將來時

使用場合 典型語句

1．用will或shall表示將來的活動。 You will feel better after this e will be a meeting next week.

2．用be going to do表示主語打算在將來某時進行的動作。 We are going to have a meeting tomorrow.I am going to change a new job.

3．用be going to do表示將來某時很可能或註定要發生的事情。 Hurry up! We’re going to be is going to rain.

4．表示位置轉移的動詞以進行時形式表示將來發生的事情。 She is going to Paris next are leaving here on Sunday.

附註：表示位置轉移的動詞go, come, arrive, start, leave, take off, move

* 例: There will be a meeting next week.

They are leaving here on Sunday.

It is going to rain. 和 It will rain.

The train for Shanghai leaves at 7:00 p.m.

8. 過去將來時

* 是一個“相對過去”的時態。

使用場合 典型語句

1．用would表示將來。 They would have another good would go to China the next year.

2．用be going to do表示將來，含有主語意圖的成份。 They were going to start, but it rained.I was going to write to my mother but a friend of mine came, so I didn’t have time.

3．在賓語從句中，有時需要用過去將來的表達手段。 He said he would call me at asked me whether I was going to attend the party.

4．表示位置轉移的動詞用過去進行時表示過去將來。 I went to see Helen. She was leaving a few days went to the station. His mother was arriving that afternoon

* 例: He will visit me tomorrow

He said he would visit me tomorrow / the next day.

五、比較與總結

1． 要注意兩種關係：

* 第一種關係：時間與動作（或狀態）的關係 (He did the work yesterday,. She will be back next week.)

* 第二種關係：動作與動作的關係（He was crying when I came in. They had started when I got there. ）

2． 要注意時間的分類：

* 時間點（具體某時間）

* 時間段（一段時間）

* 起始點模糊的時間（如…until…）

* 終止點模糊的時間（如from then on）

* 側重終止點的時段（如…since…）

3． 要注意動作的分類：

* 點動作（如go, come, open）

* 段動作（如sleep, wait, live）

* 例: Wait until your mother comes back. He didn’t stop until I came in.

He was cooking when I came in. While he was cooking, I came in.

4．要注意“終止與延續”的動作, 終止性動詞又稱爲非延續性動詞或瞬間動詞，表示動作不能延續，即動作發生後立即結束或產生某種結果。在有了某種結果之後，動作就不能再繼續下去。使用時應注意：

* I have just bought/got a book. I had had the book for a week.

* I have just come/arrived. I have been here for an hour.

* His father has died. His father has been dead for a year.

* I have borrowed a book. I have kept the book for a week.

* My brother has joined the League. My brother has been a League member for a year.

* He has just left. He has been away for ten minutes.

* I have got/caught a cold. I have had a cold since last week.

* The film has started/begun. The film has been on for 5 minutes.

* She has become a teacher. She has been a teacher since she left college.

第八部分 詞的辨析

1. look, see, watch, read 2. put on, wear, dress, dress up

3. cost, pay, spend, take 4. say, speak, talk, tell

5. borrow, lend, keep 6. laugh, smile, laugh at

7. find, find out, look for, discover, invent 8. take, bring, carry, fetch

9. arrive, reach, get to 10. listen to, hear, hear from, hear of

11. go to bed, go to sleep, fall asleep, be asleep 12. be good at, be good for, be good to

13. open, turn on, close, turn off, turn up, turn down 14. win, beat

15. leave, leave…for, leave…to 16. across, cross

17. across, through 18. along, lonely

19. every day, everyday 20. each, every

21. ill, sick 22. much too, too much

23. before long, long before 24. beside, besides, except

25. sometimes, sometime, some time, some times 26. so that, so… that…

27. the number of, a number of 28. because, because of

29. die, dead, death, dying 30. join, join in, take part in

31. be made of, be made from, be made in, be made into 32. noise, voice, sound

33. just, just now 34. be used for, be used to, used to

35. either, neither, none 36. either, too, also

37. forget, leave 38. stop to do, stop doing, stop sb. (from) doing

39. hit, beat 40. lie, lay

41. find, found 42. hope, wish

43. fun, funny 44. job, work

45. agree with, agree to 46. wonder, wander

47. pass, past 48. both, all

49. among, between 50. little, a little, few, a few

51. hard, hardly 52. right now, right away

53. other, the other, another, others, the others 54. in the end, at the end, by the end

55. accept, receive 56. to one’s surprise, be surprised, be surprising

57. surprise, worry, frighten, excite, interest 58. three hundred, hundreds of

59. in bed, on the bed 60. on the tree, in the tree

61. in front of, in the front of

第九部分 應考對策

*無論是做單項選擇填空，還是做選詞填空，一定要先審題，看懂題後再開始做出選擇。有的時候，題目本身並不難，但有些同學因沒有看懂題而過早或過分地去做語法分析，或按照某種搭配去考慮，這樣造成的錯誤，往往很難改正。所以，在沒有做出選擇前，一定要多讀兩遍題，有時候，語言感覺也是很重要的,語境也能幫我們解決關鍵問題。

1. - When shall we meet?

- Let’s ________ it at half past four.

A. make B. take C. get D. set

2. - ________ you ________hard?

- Yes. Time passes and every minute is very important.

A. Do, work B. Have, worked C. Did, work D. Are, working

3. She tried her best to make her work __________.

A. well B. wonderful C. hardly D. beautifully

4. - You don’t think movie tickets are expensive, do you?

- ________. They are really expensive.

A. No, I don’t B. No, I do C. Yes, I do D. Yes, I don’t

5. When he left _____ college, he got a job as _____ reporter in a newspaper office.

A. 不填, a B.不填, the C. a, the D. the, the

6. We haven’t decided yet ______ to accept her invitation ______ to say no to her.

A. either, or B. both, and C. neither, nor D. whether, or

7. - Lucy is not coming tonight.

- But she ________!

A. promises B. promised C. will promise D. had promised

8. She doesn’t know anyone here, so she has got ________ to talk to.

A. anyone B. someone C. everyone D. no one

9. It _______________ (not rain) very often last summer, so now we are short of water.

10. I’ll take you back to France when you __________ (be) well.

11. The food that tastes __________ always sells __________.

A. good, good B. well, well C. good, well D. well, good

12. - __________ my dictionary?

- Yes I put it in your desk just now.

A. Do you see B. Have you seen C. Did you see D. Had you seen

13. - What about going to the Ocean Park?

- __________.

A. With pleasure B. Good idea C. That’s right D. I agree.

14. - Where does Mr. Smith live?

- He has been in London __________ the end of the war.

A. by B. at C. in D. since

15. This story __________ in a small town in 1956.

A. has taken place B. happen C. was happened D. took place

16. - How did you find your visit to the museum, Jane?

- __________.

A. Oh, wonderful, indeed B. By take a number 3 bus

C. I went there alone D. A classmate of mine showed me the way

17. He had little idea that it was getting so late, __________?

A. didn’t he B. wasn’t it C. did he D. was it

18. There is still __________ hope of our getting there in time. Let’s hurry.

A. little B. few C. a little D. a few

19. - At what time will the game start?

- At ten o’clock, and now my watch says 9:45. __________ won’t be long.

A. I B. It C. You D. They

20. - Would you like tea or coffee?

- __________. I prefer some water.

A. Neither B. Either C. Both D. None

21. – Are you sure our team will win?

- Of course. We have __________ players.

A. many B. more C. strong D. better

三、完形填空:

完形填空試題，主要側重於檢查學生的書面英語理解能力和完整地、準確地、有意義地使用英語語言的能力，是一種較難的試題形式。由於文章缺字，語義不連貫，其閱讀、完形過程比一般的閱讀理解更復雜，難度和要求也都提高了一步，因此完形填空也是不可能速成的項目。

完形填空試題學生應具備的基本條件與閱讀理解相同，但在閱讀方法和步驟、詞彙、語義理解、修辭等方面對學生提出了新的要求。根據近年來完形試題的特點和學生容易出現的錯誤，做完形試題時應注意的幾個問題：

1. 近年來完形試題的命題趨勢越來越傾向於語義，而考查語法的內容則越來越少，也就是說大多數選空中四個選項語法上都正確，但只有一個語義正確（讀者可以在後面的範文分析中看到這種現象），必須在正確理解句意、段意甚至全文的基礎上才能作出正確選擇。這種命題趨勢是爲了順應當前素質教育的潮流，同時也對學生的閱讀理解能力、分析歸納能力以及聯想推理能力提出了更高的要求。

2. 在開始做一篇完形試題時，應首先快速瀏覽一遍全文，瞭解一下文章的大意。如果文章較難，在缺文少字的情況下通讀全文掌握大意有困難，那麼至少應在文章的起始段（句）中找到文章的主要線索（即這篇文章要說什麼），這與閱讀理解的第一個步驟是一樣的。如果一看到題目，就也讀也填，讀一句填一句，有的甚至把A、B、C、D選項納入短文空格一起閱讀，並在個別字眼上推來敲去，既浪費了時間，又錯誤不斷。所以，正確的方法是做題前跳過空格，閱讀了解文章所要講的內容，儘快把文章看上一至二遍，通讀宜粗且快，掌握大意，並找出文中的關鍵詞。如果沒有上述前提而盲目選擇（憑感覺走着瞧），會由於目的不明，路線不清而到處亂撞，對於語義理解的選空遠遠多於語法內容的完形填空來說，這樣做肯定會出現大面積的錯誤。

3. 完形填空的過程實際上就是根據全文大意或主要線索，在文章中的某一個局部“猜測”詞語的過程。但這種“猜測”必須有依據，不能亂猜。應當遵循“先易後難，仔細推敲”的原則。除了文章的主線這個大前提以外，局部前後句子的語義，選空前或後面的暗示詞語，一個人稱代詞甚至一個標點符號都可能成爲猜測的依據。在初步選定一個選空以後，可以從後面的句中得到驗證，有時前後選空之間有着互相提示和補充的關係。有時在局部的一個句子中出現兩個或三個選空，這時如果先填最後一個，再依次填入第二個和第一個可能會更容易（局部的倒行逆施）。有時某一個或兩個選空不能確定，需要填過幾個空，讀過一兩個段落甚至全文後才能作最後決定。這樣，隨着理解的深入，一些答案就會自然而然地出現於腦海中。

4. 在全部選空完成以後，要復讀全文，驗證答案。檢查過程中，應考慮短文是否前後貫通一致，情節發展是否合理，議論是否合乎邏輯，還應考慮短文語法結構是否完整，學生應從句法、詞法、慣用法等方面綜合考慮進行修改。。由於複查過程中頭腦裏的目標和線索更加清楚，對文章的中心思想和內涵會有新的認識，同時對一些細節會有新的發現，所以很可能會找出第一遍選擇過程中的個別疏漏和錯誤，使整篇完形試題趨向完美。

5. 在完形填空試題中經常出現一些一詞多義（兼類詞或多義詞）或一義多詞的情況，例如：country （國家/鄉下，農村），learn（學會/得知），tell（告訴，講述/判斷，區別），right（右/對的/正義的/權力），see (看見，明白)，等等。這些詞語在完形填空和其他試題形式中出現時，必須根據句子的語義、語境和每個詞各自的使用規律全面考慮，認真辨析，區別使用。

6. 對於文章中出現的生詞及不熟悉的短語可根據它們在句中的位置，前後詞語的搭配情況，語義、語境等條件猜測其意思。關鍵性的詞語對文中某局部甚至全文的理解具有重要意義，應儘量搞懂其意義。如果對整體的理解影響不大，對於個別實在不懂的生詞也可以放棄。通常地說來，在完形填空中出現的生詞或不熟悉的短語，是不會影響讀者對全文的理解的。

整個完形填空的步驟可以用28個字加以概括：速讀全文，瞭解大意，逐項填補，瞻前顧後，上下連貫，複覈全文，消除疏漏。

在中考前的複習階段，如果有能力、有時間的情況下，應當每天，至少是每兩天，認真做好與中考水平相當的完形填空。

We were going to play a team from a country school. They didn’t come until the game time arrived. They looked 1 than we had thought. They were wearing dirty blue jeans（仔褲）and looked like farm boys. We even thought that they had never seen a basketball before.

We all sat down. We felt that we didn’t 2 any practice against a team like that.

It was already so late that no 3 could be given to them for a warm–up.

The game began.

One of our boys 4 the ball and he shot（擲）a long pass to our forward（前鋒）. From out of nowhere a boy in a dirty T–shirt 5 the pass and with a beautiful form（姿勢）he shot and got two points（分）。

They 6 us.

Then they got another 7 of points in a minute.

Soon it was all over. The country team 8 us.

We certainly learned that even though a team is good, there is usually another 9 a little better. But the important lesson learned was: One can’t tell a man, or a team, by the 10 .

1. A. stronger B. younger C. worse D. less

2. A. get B. try C. use D. need

3. A. basket B. space C. ball D. time

4. A. got B. played C. missed D. carried

5. A. caught B. changed C. started D. stopped

6. A. surprised B. kept C. broke D. hit

7. A. half B. pair C. group D. double

8. A. won B. saved C. beat D. joined

9. A. just B. already C. about D. almost

10. A. T–shirts B. clothes C. places D. points

這是一篇較難的10個空的完形試題（選自97年中考試卷），其難點在於掌握主線和讀懂中心意思。文章的第一句話就較難看明白。本文的中心意思是：一支（城區學校的）籃球隊由於看不起來自鄉村學校的服飾破爛、骯髒的球隊，結果在比賽中慘遭失敗。

本文10個選擇題均無語法問題，全部考查語義理解，其中第6、7、8、10空較難。全部答案是：1.C, 2.D, 3.D, 4.A, 5.D, 6.A, 7.B, 8.C, 9.A, 10.B。

Mr Smith lived in the country and he wanted to go to an office in the city one day. He 1 the address on a letter, got 2 his car and drove to the city. He drove straight to the office without any 3 and stopped his car 4 the office. He locked his car and 5 the office, but suddenly he remembered that he 6 his key in the car ! He had to call his wife, a fiery-tempered（脾氣暴躁的）woman, and 7 , “ Excuse me, I’ve locked my keys in my car. Please 8 me your keys. ”

Mrs Smith got into the second car. She had to drive twenty miles to 9 her husband. But 10 Mr Smith was waiting for his wife, he walked around 11 and tried the other 12 . It 13 ! Mr Smith 14 it quickly before his wife 15 .

1. A. look for B. found out C. found D. founded

2. A. into B. on C. off D. to

3. A. problem B. difficult C. question D. trouble

4. A. in the front of B. in front of C. in the middle of D. at the foot of

5. A. went in B. go into C. entered D. entered into

6. A. would lock B. has locked C. locked D. had locked

7. A. spoke B. said C. told D. talked

8. A. borrow B. lent C. take D. bring

9. A. see B. catch C. love D. look after

10. A. while B. because C. if D. so that

11. A. the office B. his car C. the street D. another car

12. A. door B. car C. key D. way

13. A. was locked B. worked C. was not locked D. could be started

14. A. locked B. opened C. threw D. hid

15. A. reached B. arrived C. got to D. came in

這是一篇難易程度適中的15空的完形試題。快速通讀一遍全文可知其大意：史密斯先生一天開車去城裏一家公司辦事，到達目的地下車後他不小心把車鑰匙鎖在了車裏，他不得不打電話請他脾氣暴躁的妻子給他送另一把鑰匙來。在等候妻子時他圍着自己的車轉來轉去，突然發現……（到此爲止文章的主要線索已經清楚了，我們不妨到文章的結尾再看結果。）本文只有第6空涉及語法內容，其他選擇題全部考查詞語用法及語義，應特別注意上面介紹過的許多近義詞語的用法區別。全部答案是：1.C, 2.A, 3.D, 4.B, 5.C, 6.D, 7.B, 8.D, 9.A, 10.A, 11.B, 12.A, 13.C, 14.A, 15.B。

Dyson fixed the little box on Eva’s head. “ It’s a very clever 1 ,” he said. “ When a person tells a lie（謊）, this needle（針）here moves 2 . The numbers 0 to 20 show the 3 of the lie. Now talk to me. Tell me a few good lies. ”

Eva laughed. “ What about ? I never tell 4 !”

The 5 moved from zero to 4. “ You’ve just told one,” Dyson said. “ A group 4 lie - 6 and uninteresting. People often say, I never tell lies. It isn’t a 7 , of course. Tell me a big, exciting lie. ”

“ What about this, 8 ? You’ve got an ugly（醜陋的）face, Tom Dyson. ”

The needle 9 to zero. “ No lie,” Dyson said. “ So my mum was right, then. She always said I was an 10 child. But this isn’t a joke, Eva. The police use 11 like this. Suppose（假設）a man 12 somebody, the police 13 him; and he says, No! No! I didn’t kill anybody! Now that’s an excellent（極好的） 14 . It would send the needle round to 15 . Think of a fat lie, like that……”

“ I hate you, Tom Dyson! ” Eva cried. “ Oh, 16 I hate you! Is that lie big enough ? Tell me--what 17 is it in ? ”

Dyson was looking at the needle. “ Funny, ” he said. “ It seems to be stuck（粘住）at 20. There must be something 18 with it. ” He picked up the machine and shook it. The needle 19 at 20. “ No good, ” he said. “ It’s never been wrong before. Eva, have you……? ” He looked at her then. He didn’t understand the 20 on her face.

1. A. man B. monkey C. machine D. clock

2. A. round B. back C. off D. away

3. A. color B. size C. time D. place

4. A. stories B. then C. something D. lies

5. A. box B. lie C. needle D. machine

6. A. small B. big C. surprising D. wonderful

7. A. business B. fact C. lie D. story

8. A. though B. then C. indeed D. at last

9. A. went up B. was able C. came D. fell back

10. A. clever B. important C. ugly D. good-looking

11. A. machines B. people C. needles D. lies

12. A. beats B. loves C. hates D. kills

13. A. tell B. question C. answer D. look at

14. A. story B. reply C. lie D. fact

15. A. 3 B. 5 C. 20 D. zero

16. A. how B. can C. so D. what

17. A. kind B. number C. group D. size

18. A. funny B. wrong C. interesting D. exciting

19. A. repeated B. stayed C. sat D. stopped

20. A. surprise B. joy C. smile D. look

這是一篇難易程度適中的20空的完形試題，其測試重心仍是語義理解和歸納總結能力。本文故事情節並不十分複雜，但要真正理解作者在字裏行間要向讀者傳達的內在資訊就不那麼容易了。讀者在閱讀本文過程中應注意兩個問題，第一是注意掌握主要線索，第二是根據主要線索和情節理解文中的人物關係。

透過快速閱讀可以看出故事情節中只有兩個人物：Dyson和Eva。那麼他們在幹什麼呢？從第一段中“the little box, needle（指針），numbers”和“tell a lie（說謊）”等暗示條件可看出他們正在做測謊試驗。本文20個選擇題基本上沒有涉及語法內容，全部考查語義理解。全部答案是：1、C 2、A 3、B 4、D 5、C 6、A 7、B 8、B 9、D 10、C 11、A 12、D 13、B 14、C 15、C 16、A 17、C 18、B 19、B 20、D

四、閱讀理解:

中考閱讀理解試題，一般包括兩之三篇短文。文章內容的難易程度不完全相同。第一篇基本上相當於教材課文的難度，比較容易理解。第二篇和第三篇難度往往高於教材課文，理解比較困難。生詞率在學生基本掌握教材詞彙的基礎上一般在2%以內，並提供部分生詞註解。閱讀理解試題屬於難度較高的測試項目，它主要側重於檢查學生的書面英語理解能力和綜合運用英語語言的能力，其測試重點主要體現在閱讀速度和閱讀理解兩方面。新的英語教學大綱要求閱讀速度應達到40~50詞/分鐘；閱讀理解的正確率達到70%。

許多學生在作英語閱讀時感到很吃力，讀了幾遍也講不清文章說了些什麼，從而喪失了對閱讀的自信心，甚至懼怕閱讀，放棄閱讀。其原因是多方面的，但首先是詞彙問題。學生的詞彙量不夠是影響閱讀成績的最大障礙，也是目前許多學生懼怕、放棄閱讀的主要原因。若想閱讀理解的正確率達到70%，至少應具有基本正常的詞彙量（包括常見的單詞、詞組和短語等），能夠識記80%以上的初中英語詞彙，並熟悉一詞多義，一義多詞，詞的類型，詞的辨析以及常用的詞語固定搭配等。詞彙量低於初中所學詞彙的50%者根本無法完成閱讀試題（這部分學生除個別人有智力因素外，大多數詞彙量低者都是懶惰情緒所致）。即使詞彙量基本正常（70-80%以上）者，可能由於平時閱讀量過小或閱讀內容過淺，在文章的關鍵部分出現的生詞也會影響到學生對某句、某段落甚至全文的理解。由此可見必須在保證基本掌握課內詞彙的前提下，儘可能多地增加課外詞彙量。

其次是閱讀的方法和技巧問題。近年來閱讀試題的類型以敘述文爲主。 在閱讀敘述文時，關鍵在於開頭和結尾，在故事的中間段應沿着主要線索儘可能多地理解並記住故事的情節和與情節有關的一切細節，瞭解故事的起因，掌握故事的主要經過。整個閱讀過程可以總結爲：開頭找主線，中間記情節，結尾重分析。但在實際閱讀訓練中會有各種不同情況，所以應具體情況具體分析，靈活地運用規律。除了敘述文以外，近年來還有人物傳記，科普性文章以及介紹西方不同國家風土人情的說明文等等。此類文章的閱讀方法仍有找主線的問題，在閱讀過程中應盡力去掌握其中說明的基本事實。這些文章的內容往往會涉及許多自然科學、社會科學等方面的知識，以及西方文化和不同的風俗習慣等常識。因此個人的閱歷和生活經驗可能會影響這類文章的閱讀質量。如果平時興趣廣泛，注意各方面知識的積累，閱讀此類文章時會得以更好地發揮。

在閱讀中作判斷和選擇時應注意以下幾個技巧及注意事項：

1．對判斷或選擇題中的細節問題一定要在原文中找到根據（原話或暗示條件），並用筆勾劃出來，然後認真對照檢查，所選答案一定要符合原文，切不可望文生義，確認無誤後再作決定。

2．在一般性的判斷或選擇中要順應作者意圖，想作者所想，不應加入個人的意願和情感。在需要進行分析、推理的判斷或選擇題中，應以文章中的基本事實爲依據去發揮想象力，所用的邏輯應是公認的正常的邏輯，不應過於偏激。問及對某個問題的看法與態度，要記住是在文作者的態度，而不是問閱讀者的看法、態度、經驗。

3．認真審題，。如：“ Which of the following is NOT true ? ”句中的 “ not ”就常有被忽略而造成錯選的現象。另外，細緻看完所有選項，避免主觀臆斷。

4．遇到生詞，要根據上下文和一定的構詞法知識。如前綴、後綴來分析、判斷、猜測其詞形和含義。其實，透過上下文和構詞法猜測生詞，在閱讀過程中應當是一個自然的過程，而不應當是個刻意的過程，況且，並不是閱讀中出現的生詞都會影響到讀者對文章的理解，因此，也不是文章中出現的每一個生詞都需要猜測。若要實現下述過程，平時加大閱讀量。

5．結論或推理性考查。這類試題答案的選擇往往無所謂正確與錯誤之別，而是最佳與非最佳之別。因此須讀懂通篇文章，弄懂作者的寫作要旨，按照文章的內容和邏輯關係，透過文章中的事實做出符合原文邏輯或主旨的結論或推論，才能選出最佳答案。切不可將文章中的事實作爲推理的結果，做出選擇。

6．選擇標題的一般標準是：一要切題，即能概括出全文的主旨；二要簡潔，即文字要簡單明瞭。切不可將文章的某個細節、情節或短落的內容作爲文章的題目。概括中心意思時，要注意不可離題太遠、太籠統，但也不要之概括一段或幾句的意思。

閱讀理解解題步驟

1．如果文章帶標題，應仔細看標題，標題是文章主題的高度概括，它可以給我們一些啓示和線索。

2．先快速瀏覽一下全文，大概瞭解一下文章體裁，中文註釋的單詞是什麼意思。（這一步要快）。

3．看閱讀理解題，不看選項，爲第二遍的細讀做好準備。

4．仔細看原文，凡是人物、數字或地名用筆做記號，沒有弄明白的地方已可以劃個線，一邊看完全文在重讀，讀時注意要弄明白句子的結構。

5．看完全文，即可做題，要注意四個選項都看看，不要只看一兩個就做出判斷。對有把握的題，在做完判斷後，就不要這回原文覈對了，但對沒有把握的題應把相關的句和段重看一次。

英語閱讀中的常見問題及對策

問題1. 以爲讀得越慢，對文章的資訊瞭解越多，理解程度也越高。閱讀的根本目的是理解，所以閱讀速度可以看爲理解速度。低於理解速度的慢速閱讀會分散我們的注意力，不利於抓住文章的關鍵內容，從而降低理解率。

對策：

1．經常進行限時閱讀。不僅注意準確率，更要注重速度，逐漸養成習慣。

2．強制把手或筆等物體離開讀物。讓大腦活動、眼睛轉動。

3．擴大視幅，進行意羣閱讀。逐詞閱讀還會割斷詞與詞的聯繫。

4．如果是理解能力差造成閱讀速度慢，應加強語言基礎知識的訓練，並學習一些閱讀技巧。

問題2. 閱讀時將文字讀出聲來，或在心裏清晰地發出單詞的音。實驗證明，默讀的速度是朗讀速度的2倍。過分依賴聲音而非語意，將影響閱讀的廣度和深度。

對策：

1．閱讀時緊閉雙脣。

2．有意識地將閱讀速度加快到超過講話的最快速度，透過多讀就可以達到此目標。

問題3. 對已讀過的內容感到不放心或因沒看懂某個或某幾個句子，再次倒回去讀。倒讀次數太多會影響閱讀速度，也不利於掌握整篇文章的意思。對一篇文章的理解一般情況是相對的，並不要求記住每個細節。

對策：

1．建立只讀一遍就能懂的自信心。

2．首先理解文章大意。尤其在平時泛讀的過程中，更沒有必要字斟句酌地去讀文章。

3．閱讀中目光始終從左到右移動。（除根據題目要求，有必要重讀有些內容外）

問題4. 平時閱讀中不適當地、非常頻繁地使用（電子）詞典過分依賴詞典會使閱讀效率低下，一篇文章變得支離破碎，不利於整體把握文章的主旨大意。

對策：

1．平時英語基礎知識學習的過程中要注意單詞的積累。

2．平時閱讀訓練時，選擇在詞彙和語法深度上與自己相當的材料。（生詞＜＝10）

3．採用上下文分析或根據詞根、前、後綴等方法猜詞。

4．完成閱讀訓練任務後,有必要重讀該文章，查生詞的準確含義，並記憶。

問題5. 遇到長一點的句子，特別是帶有從句的複合句就讀不懂，從而影響了閱讀速度和對整篇文章的理解。

對策：

1．定語從句、同位語從句、主語從句及it作形式主語的句子是英譯漢的難點，平時可以專門找些這樣的從句翻譯一下。

2．對於平時在閱讀過程中，出現的不懂得長句，一定要請教老師，然後再反覆捉摸中英文語序、結構上的差異。

總之，閱讀應該是一個很自然得過程，是一項基本技能。閱讀應該培養閱讀的流暢性是指要學會在快速閱讀的同時還要理解的更多培養閱讀的流暢性是指要學會在快速閱讀的同時還要理解的更多。閱讀的流暢性指的是在閱讀過程中不降低閱讀速度或是停下來查字典。閱讀過程中遇到生詞就停下來是無法提高閱讀的流暢性的，閱讀的重點應放在抓住文章大意和獲取你所需要的資訊上。擴大詞彙量也有助於改善閱讀的流暢性。知道的詞彙越多，越能更快的閱讀，更好的理解。加大閱讀量，才能做到熟能生巧。只有做到流暢閱讀，才能使閱讀本身變得容易，感到閱讀容易了，纔會有更多的閱讀慾望。中考前這一階段，每天至少已當完成閱讀兩篇。

Passage 1.

Secretary

Jenny loves office work but it's hard on her figure. All those sandwich lunches and her sweet tooth added up to extra pounds till Jenny started slimming(減肥) with Bisks.

Every lunchtime she'd have a Bisks chocolate bar with a glass of milk. It filled her up