Unit 8 Merry Christmas!

Merry Christmas!

【單元知識綱要】

1.詞彙

angel, stocking, pet, chimney, fireplace, generosity, relative, hug, owner, barn, shepherd, decorate, circle, base, hang, dry, greet, merry, kind - hearted

2.詞組

cut down, put up, at the top of, sound like, for fun, as well, base on, even though, live on, at last, once upon a time, according to, give birth to

3.內容簡介

關於聖誕節的介紹：

1） In Western countries the most important holiday is Christmas.

2） Christmas is one of the festivals of the Christian religion.

4.語法

have/ has been to 表示曾經“去過某地”或詢問“是否去過某地”，但是“現在已經回來”，have /has gone to 去了某地(現在沒有回來)

5.句型

She’s ever been to England once.

He isn’t here. He has gone to England.

核心知識

名詞：angel，eve，stocking，pet，chimney，Turkey，fireplace，generosity， relative, hug, owner, barn, shepherd；

動詞： decorate, circle, base, hang, dry, greet;

形容詞：merry, kind – hearted, single, real, shy, western, traditional, special;

詞組：cut down，put up，at the top of，sound like，for fun，as well，base on， even though， live on， can’t wait to， the Spring Festival， at last， once upon a time，according to, give birth to.

1.動詞不定式 The Infinitive( Ⅱ)

(1)不定式和疑問詞連用

疑問代詞 who，what，which和疑問副詞when，where，how，why + 動詞不定式，例如：

Mr. Li will teach us how to use a computer.

李老師將教我們如何使用電腦.

“疑問詞 + 不定式”結構通常用於下列動詞之後： tell，teach，know，wonder， learn， show， find out， ask， understand等.

(2)動詞不定式作狀語

①動詞不定式在形容詞後(如 glad，sorry，pleased等)作原因狀語，例如：

I’m glad to meet you.見到你我很高興.

②動詞不定式在enough to，too…to結構中作結果狀語，例如：

He’s old enough to work.他年齡夠了，可以上班

He’s too old to work.他太老了，不能上班.

2. I’ve never been out of China before.我以前從未出(中)國.

out of在…範圍之外 look out of 向…外看.

例：Don’t look out of the window不要向窗外看.

he here at Christmas time is a dream that has come true.在這過聖誕節由夢想已成爲現實。

①To be here at Christmas time是動詞不定式用作主語.

②that has come true作定語，修飾dream.

4. I mean we have to put up the lights and Christmas balls.我的意思是我們必須把聖誕燈和球掛在樹上.

A. have to必須，客觀條件迫使某人不得不去做某事.

I have to go to school now.我現在必須去上學了.

B. put up搭起，舉起，掛起，例如：

They put up a tent before the sun went down.他們在太陽下山之前搭起帳篷.

If you can answer this question， put up your hands.

如果你們能回答這個問題，請舉手.

Wei Fang take down the picture， and put up a map of China.

魏芳取下畫，貼上一幅中國地圖.

5. That sounds like fun.那聽起來很有趣。

①sound(like) + 表語 聽起來

Your idea sounds like a good one.你的想法聽起來不錯.

②fun有趣的事 for fun開玩笑地，爲了高興，例如：

I only did it for fun.我做這件事是好玩.

6. On Christmas Eve – the night before Christmas Day – children put a stocking at the end of their beds before they go to sleep.

在聖誕除夕--聖誕節前的那天晚上--孩子們在他們睡覺前都把一隻長統襪放在他們的牀尾.

①stocking長統襪 區別sock短襪

②at the end of在…末端(終點)例如：

we’11 hold a sports meeting at the end of this month.

我們將在這個月底舉行運動會.

er Christmas is very kind－hearted.聖誕老人心腸很好

①Father Christmas聖誕老人(英國說法)是一個白鬍子，穿紅色外衣，笑容滿面的老人.

②kind－ hearted好心的，類似結構有： hard - hearted鐵石心腸的

lands on top of each house all over the world and climbs down the chimney.他降落在世界上每一家的房頂，順着煙囪爬下來.

①all over在整個……，遍及……，相當於 throughout.例如：

We have friends all over the world.我們的朋友遍天下.

②on top of在……上面 at the top of最高處，在頂端.例如：

I put my bag on the top of the bookshelf.我把我的書包放在書架頂上.

We also put an angel at the top of the tree.我們也把一個小天使放在樹的頂端.

fills the stockings with Christmas presents.

Fill sth. with sth. 用……裝滿……，裝滿……如：

He filled the basket with some eggs. 他在籃子裏裝滿雞蛋.

10. Father Christmas is based on a real person in history.

聖誕老人源於歷史上一個真實的人.

①base on 以……(爲)根據

② real 真的，真實的，強調人或事物客觀存在.

true真的，真實的，強調與事實相符，即主觀上的“真”、“正確”如：

Do you think that is true? 你認爲那是真的嗎？

I’m learning to skate on the real ice.我正在真正的冰上滑冰.

11. It went into a stocking that a little girl hung by the fireplace to dry.

它(錢)掉進一個小女孩晾在壁爐旁的一隻長統襪中.

That a little girl hung by the fireplace to dry作定語修飾stocking.

12. They make up the other family members, calling “Merry Christmas”

A. calling在句中的語法用法爲動詞ing 形式作狀語，表示伴隨狀態.

B. Merry Christmas.聖誕快樂，類似的用法還有Happy New Year.

13. They spend the day playing with the new toys and visiting their relative and friends.在聖誕節，他們玩新玩具，走親訪友.

①spend… (in) doing在…花費時間(錢) spend … on sth.例如：

She spend two hours on this book.

She spend two hours(in) reading this book.

她花兩小時看這本書.

②play with 玩耍… 例如：

Don’t play with fire.不要玩火.

14. They greet each other with a hug.他們擁抱着互相祝福.

①each other互相、彼此，是相互代詞，用來指兩者或兩者以上之間的彼此關係，一般作賓語，有時用其所有格作定語.例如：

We should help each other. 我們應當互相幫助.

They put small presents in each other’s stocking.

他們把小禮物放在彼此的襪子裏.

②with a hug with這裏表示行動的方式，意思是“…地”，“以…”

典型例題

people even put up stocking for their pets as well.

一些人甚至爲他們的寵物也準備長統襪.

解析 as well也， 又，同樣，同義詞 too, also, 用於肯定句句尾，例如：

He is a teacher, but he is a doctor as well.

他是老師，而且又是醫生.

2. There once was a man named Saint Nicholas.

從前有個叫聖尼古拉斯的人.

解析 named 叫做 例如：

I know a man named ZhouJian

3. Even though Father Christmas is no longer living, his spirit of generosity lives on today. 即使聖誕老人不在了，但他慷慨的精神永存.

解析 ①even though, 即使, 縱然, 例如:

I’ll help you, even though I don’t sleep for a night.

即使我一夜不睡,也要幫助你.

② no longer (= not… any longer) 一般與持續性動詞連用,強調動作或狀態的不再延續.

例如:He no longer lives here(= He doesn’t live here any longer)

他不再住這兒.

no more (= not …any more)多與終止性動詞連用,指該動作不再重複發生.例如:

He will come to see me no more (= He will not come to see me any more)

他再也不來看我了

no more也可作形容詞修飾名詞，表示“沒有更多”的意思.例如：

There is no more bread.沒有面包了

③live on繼續存在，繼續活着，例如：

Comrade LeiFeng is dead, but his spirit lives on.

雖然雷鋒去世了，但他的精神永存.

dren wake up very early, and can’t wait to open the presents in their stocking.孩子們醒得很早，迫不及待地開啟襪子裏的禮物.

解析 ① sb. + wake up. 某人醒來.例如：

I woke up, and found a bird singing in the tree.

我醒來，發現一隻小鳥在樹上唱歌.

wake up + sb. 喚醒某人 例如：

He needs somebody to wake him up in the morning.

早上他需要人叫醒他.

②can’ t wait to迫不及待，例如：

The children can’t wait to watch TV.

孩子們迫不及待地看電視.

western counties the most important holiday is Christmas, but in China it is the Spring Festival.

在西方國家最重要的節日是聖誕節，但在中國是春節.

解析 ①holiday指風俗習慣，法律規定或爲了紀念某件事情的節日，規定停止工作一天或更長時間的節假日.例如：

Sunday is a holiday星期天是假日.

②festival一般指具有悠久歷史傳統的節日，其特點爲同歡共樂，如我國的春節中秋節，歐美國家的聖誕節等.例如：

Christmas in one of the festivals of the Christian religion.

聖誕節是基督教的節日之一.

6. He’s gone to England with Jim’s family. 他和吉姆家裏人到英國去了.

解析 have/ has been to曾經去過(現已回來)包括說明“未去過某地”或詢問“是否去過某地”； have /has gone to 去了某地(現來回來)例如：

①She’s ever been to England once她曾經到過英國一次.

②Have you ever been to Guilin？你曾經到過桂林嗎？

③I’ve never been to Beijing. 我從沒到過北京.

④He isn’t here. He has gone to England.他不在這兒，他到英國去了.

7.閱讀分析

Do you like Christmas Day? In most countries it is the most important day in the year. All the people come back to their homes to have the day with their parents or their children.

On Christmas Day bells ring everywhere. The ringing bells tell people. Christmas is coming, people sing and dance day and night. They have a good time.

Most families buy a Christmas tree for their children. And there are presents hanging from the tree here and there. People also put presents in their children’s stockings. In many places father Christmas himself brings presents to them. He is a kind old man. He is in red clothes, a big bag on his back. In the bag there are a lot of presents.

Christmas is also a day when people enjoy all kinds of food. But some poor people have no homes to go back to and have no food to eat. They even die of (死於) cold and hunger(飢餓) on Christmas Day. Have you read the story “A Little Match(火柴) Girl”？ She died on the morning of Christmas Day.

根據短文判斷下列句子正(T)誤(F).

stmas Day is a Children’s Day.

le usually plant Christmas trees in their gardens.

dren like Father Christmas because he brings them beautiful things.

poor people don’t have homes to go back to and don’t have food to eat on that day.

5.“A Little Match Girl” was born on the morning of Christmas Day.

(答案： F F T T F )

the Great Wall twice, and now she still to go there.

A. went to； wanted B. goes to， wants

C. has gone to；wants D. has been to；wants

解析 have been(to)表示去過某地，人已返回； have gone(to)表示已去某地，人未返回，答案爲D.

Smith here since the factory opened.

A. has gone B. has come

C. has been D. has arrived

解析 表面上容易誤認爲是考查 has been， has gone和 has come的區別，實際上是考查在現在完成時態裏，與一段時間連用時，用延續動詞代替瞬間動詞，選C.

is learning a computer.

A. how can to use B. how to use

C. how he use D. how does he

解析 這裏動詞不定式和疑問詞how連用，在句中作賓語，答案是B.

’s play with football after school.

解析 “踢足球”中的踢用動詞play，此時的play是及物動詞, 後不需跟介詞 with…意爲“玩耍……”如“玩球”爲play with a ball.

改正：Let’s play football after school.

’t wake up him.

解析 wake up後帶賓語意爲“弄醒/ 喚醒……”後面的賓語若是代詞必須放在 wake與up之間. 若是名詞既可放在wake與up之間，也可放在up的後面.

改正：Don’t wake him up.

【關於“Unit 8 Merry Christmas!”的常見問題】

常見問題1: Merry Christmas!1

問題：

請選擇正確答案

( )1. Don’t make a noise here, ?

A. shall we B. do you C. will you D. don’t you

( ) says he is working hard his Chinese.

A. on B. for C. to D. with

( )se cover the Christmas tree lights.

A. for B. with C. on D. over

( )se give my best wishes everybody.

A. for B. to C. on D. with

( )5. Has he been there before？

A. never B. already C. ever D. just

解答:

l－5，CABBC

常見問題2: Merry Christmas!2

問題：

完成句子

will stay with us until next Tuesday.

He until next Tuesday.

took him two hours to do the operation.

He two hours the operation.

hasn’t returned yet.

She England.

4. Please tell me where the hospital is.

me， the hospital.

does the ship leave？ Do you know?

Do you know when .

解答:

’t leave t，on(doing) 3. has gone to se， where’s 5. the ship leaves.

常見問題3: Merry Christmas 3

問題：

--_____________has he been there ? For about three months .

A．How often B．How soon C．How long D．How far

解答:

分析此題前三個詞組都用來詢問時間，但意義不相同。How often指動作發生的頻率，即每多少時間進行一次，與一般現代時或一般過去時連用，回答一般是once a week，every two days等這樣的短語；How soon指還要多久將發生某個動作或達到某種狀態，與一般將來時連用，回答一般是介詞in加表示時間段的名詞，如in two hours，in an hour等；How long指某個動作或狀態持續了多久，與持續性動詞的一般現在時或完成時連用，回答一般是for two hours，for a year等表示時間段的名詞；how far指距離，問有多遠。

答案C

注意！詞組之間有差別。

常見問題4: Merry Christmas 4

問題：

It’s important for us to learn new things everyday

A B C D

解答:

分析此句It爲形式主語，不定式作真正主語，後置。錯誤之處在於everyday與every day相混。everyday爲形容詞，作定語，修飾名詞；而every day爲名詞短語，作時間狀語，修飾謂語。

答案D

常見問題5: Merry Christmas 5

問題：

Christmas Day is the birthday of Jesus Christ.

此句的意思是：Christmas Day is birthday .

解答:

分析 此句重在考查名詞所有格，即the birthday of sb=sb’s birthday。名詞所有格是考試中的考點之一，應熟練掌握。

答案Jesus Christ’ s