把握九個一致 巧解短文改錯

NMET短文改錯的解題基本思路應該是：

一．以句爲單位，找行中錯誤，每行必有一個判斷（錯詞、多詞、少詞和正確），而判斷的依據一定是上下文，最小單位是一個完整的句子。

二．以篇爲單位，找句中錯誤。許多時候，就某一行或某一句單獨而言常常難以判斷其是否正確，錯誤何在，而必須以全篇爲一整體纔可對該句，進而對該行作出判斷。

具體解題過程中，應該注意把握九個一致問題：

一．時態一致

短文中謂語動詞的時態與上下文，特定語言環境及該句的時間狀語是否保持了呼應與一致。

例1． My favorite sport is football. I was a member of our football team. (NMET'98)全文都是一般現在時，此句中was 雖然與上下問不一致，應改爲am。

例2． I remembered her words and calm down.( NMET' 2000)

此處爲一描述過去事件的語境，應與前文remembered 保持一致，須改爲calmed。

例3． Today, it is much easier to be healthy than it is in the past. (NMET' 93)第一個is 與時間狀語today保持一致，地第二個is則應改爲was, 使之與其時間狀語in the past 一致。

二．主謂一致 謂語動詞在人稱和數上是否與主語保持一致。

例4．Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library.

(NMET'2000) 主語爲A and B時，謂語動詞一般爲複數，應改爲are。

例5．The new boy or girl in school quickly become one of the class after a few games.(NMET'93)主語爲A or B時，應由靠近謂語的主語來決定謂語的單複數，become應改爲becomes .

例6．Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong… (NMET'98) 此處與例4，例5不同，謂語動詞makes與上下文保持一致，爲正確的用法，而play須改Playing 纔可與此處其它部分一致。

三．平行一致

not only…but also…, either…or…, neither…nor…以及and, but, or 等並列連詞或詞組連接的結構可稱爲平行結構。在平行結構中，詞性時態等形式須保持前後一致。

例7．Playing football not only makes… but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit.( NMET'98)依據平行一致原則，此處give應與前文 makes保持一致，改爲gives.

例8．It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home. (NMET'96) 此句中的drove應與前文to meet 保持平行，故改爲drive。

四．數的一致 名詞的數須與其修飾語保持一致

例9．We study quite a few subject, such as maths,

Chinese…(NMET'97) quite a few只修飾複數名詞，保持一致,subject 應改爲subjects.

例10．They … asked me lots of question.(NMET'96)與lots of 保持一致的只能是複數名詞，應改爲questions.

五．主飾一致 句中的主要詞（中心詞）應與其修飾詞間保持一致。

除了例9，例10外，還有

例11．…so that I'll get good marks in all my subject.(NMET2001)

all 若修飾可數名詞時，其後名詞應爲複數。subject該爲subjects。

例12．She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me

success.(NMET2000) all修飾的主語部分應是三者以上，故schoolmate 應爲schoolmates.

例13．Unfortunate, there are too many people…(NMET'99)

Unfortunate應作狀語，修飾整個句子，此時應爲副詞unfortunately 纔可保持一致。

例14．I'm sure we'll have a wonderfully time together.(NMET'95) 修飾名詞，應爲a wonderful time.

六．指代一致 用於指代的各類代詞應在數、格、性 上與上下文保持一致。

例15．The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.

(NEMT'96) The Smiths 爲一複數概念，故指代詞也應爲第三人稱複數 their.

例16．I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. (NMET'97)

此處應爲作主語的關係代詞which.

例17． And I can't forget the food you cooked for I. (NMET'95)

此處I 應作介詞的賓語，故改爲me 纔可保持一致。

七．語態一致 句中謂語動詞或非謂語動詞應與上下文語態保持一致。

例18．Books may be keep for four weeks. (NEMT'94)

與其主語Books相對應，此處應爲被動語態，故keep應改爲kept。

八．搭配一致 句中的固定搭配應保持完整並與上下文一致。

例19． I felt so nervous as I shook like a leaf. (NMET'2000) 後

跟從句，保持一致須用so…that結構這一固定搭配。as改爲that.

例20．I look forward to hear from you soon. (NMET'97)

look forward to 中to 是介詞，其後應爲動名詞hearing。

例21．But it didn't matter that I would win or not. (NMET'2000)

與其後or not 保持一致時應用whether。

例22．I have neither brothers nor sisters---in any other words, I am an only child.(NMET2001)

in any other words意爲"換言之"，應爲in other words。

九．邏輯一致

這是一種隱蔽性較強且年年必考的錯誤，檢查時應通篇考慮，重點在連詞、代詞，肯定與否定，及相對應的動詞如 come 與go 等。

例23．She was smiling but nodding at me.(NMET'2000)

上下文看，應爲She---my English teacher微笑且點頭鼓勵我，but 應爲and。

例24．Now someone at home reads instead. (NMET'99)

從上文可知，因爲無電視可看，人人都只好讀書，someone 改爲everyone或everybody.

例25．And they must not break the rules too often if we want to win the game.(NMET'98)通讀全文，都是用第一人稱，這時突然用到they,顯然不一致，應改爲we.