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氣候變化導致古樹生長競賽的英語美文

One of the consequences of a warming world is that high mountain habitats, which used to be too chilly for trees, are heating up。 "There is now newly available real estate above what we call tree line—the sort of literal line in the sand above which trees can’t grow because it’s too cold。 But now it’s not。"

氣候變化導致古樹生長競賽的英語美文

全球變暖的其中一個後果是,對樹木來說曾經過於寒冷的高山環境正在逐漸升溫。“現在,在我們稱爲“林木線”的上方出現了新的可用生長空間——這種線類似於分界線,由於過於寒冷,樹木在該線之上無法生長。但是,現在情況已經改變。”

Brian Smithers is an ecologist at U。C。 Davis。 He compares this slow—moving migration to land—grabs back in pioneer times。 "You know, they fired the guns and all the settlers made a mad dash to claim their stake。 It’s that, but if everybody were crawling on their bellies or something like that instead。"

布萊恩史密瑟斯是加州大學戴維斯分校的生態學家。他將這種緩慢遷移與開拓時期的土地掠奪進行了比較。“你知道,他們開了火,當時所有開拓者都在瘋狂地佔領地盤。事實就是這樣,但是如果所有人都匍匐前進,或是替換成會爬的東西會怎麼樣?”

Smithers is studying this upslope race among bristlecone pines。 These trees can live for more than 5,000 years—making them the oldest individual organisms on Earth。 Many of them eke out a living in dry, rocky soils, on windblown ridgelines around 11,000 feet, in eastern California and Nevada。 "They look like the worst bonsai tree imaginable。 They just look gnarled and twisted, something that looks like it’s taken a beating for 5,000 years and still living。"

史密瑟斯正在研究狐尾鬆之間的上升競賽。這些樹的壽命可超過5000年,這使它們成爲地球上最古老的生物個體。在加州東部和內華達州乾燥的石質土以及約1。1萬英尺高的風蝕山脊線上,許多狐尾鬆在勉強度日。“它們看起來像是你能想得到的最糟糕的.盆景樹。這些樹有很多節瘤,而且形狀扭曲,看上去像過去5000年一直在捱打,但依然存活着。”

So, as tree line rises, these giant bonsais are following。 But Smithers says the ancient trees now have a competitor—a species called limber pines。 The limbers are passing the bristlecones at tree line, sprouting seedlings in that fresh real estate upslope more quickly。 ‘Quickly’ being a relative term。 "It’s the tortoise and the slightly faster tortoise。" Smithers documents the race in the journal Global Change Biology。

因此,隨着林木線的上升,這些巨型盆景也開始不斷長高。但是史密瑟斯說這些古樹現在有了一個競爭者,那是一種名爲柔枝鬆的樹種。柔枝鬆正在林木線上超越狐尾鬆,以更快的速度將幼苗蔓延至上升的新空間。而這種“快”是一種相對的說法。“那就像烏龜與稍快些的烏龜進行的比賽。”史密瑟斯記錄了這種比賽,並將記錄發表在《全球變化生態學》期刊上。

The leapfrogging limber pines could put bristlecones in a bind, hemmed in by competing seedlings upslope, and hotter temperatures downslope。 And that, Smithers says, would have long—lasting consequences。 "You know, we talk about the effects of climate change happening on scales of 100 years。 What’s going to happen by 2100。 But in 5,000 years someone will be able to go to this stand and say, oh it looks like this because people made climate change happen 5,000 years ago。 It just changes the scale, when we talk about the effects of climate change。" Assuming, that is, we stick around long enough to notice。

趕超的柔枝鬆可能讓狐尾鬆陷入困境,上方有競爭者的幼苗,而下方是升高的溫度。史密瑟斯認爲,這種情況會帶來持久的影響。“我們在說的是以百年爲尺度的氣候變化影響。即2100年時會出現的影響。但在5000年內,可能有人能走進這片林木並說:哦,因爲5000年前人類造成的氣候變化,這些林木現在成了這個樣子。在我們談論氣候變化的影響時,只是尺度改變了。”也就是說,假設我們逗留的時間足夠長,我們就能注意到這個問題。