英語四級閱讀真題與答案資料

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Resilience Is About How You Recharge, Not How You Endure

[A] As constant travelers and parents of a 2-year-old, we sometimes fantasize about how much work we can do when one of us gets on a plane, undistracted by phones, friends, or movies. We race to get all our ground work done: packing, going through security, doing a last-minute work call, calling each other, then boarding the plane. Then, when we try to have that amazing work session in flight, we get nothing done. Even worse, after refreshing our email or reading the same studies over and over, we are too exhausted when we land to soldier on with (繼續處理) the emails that have inevitably still piled up.

[B] Why should flying deplete us? We’re just sitting there doing nothing. Why can’t we be tougher, more resilient (有復原力的) and determined in our work so we can accomplish all of the goals we set for ourselves? Based on our current research, we have come to realize that the problem is not our hectic schedule or the plane travel itself; the problem comes from a misconception of what it means to be resilient, and the resulting impact of overworking.

[C] We often take a militaristic, “tough” approach to resilience and determination like a Marine pulling himself through the mud, a boxer going one more round, or a football player picking himself up off the ground for one more play. We believe that the longer we tough it out, the tougher we are, and therefore the more successful we will be. However, this entire conception is scientifically inaccurate.

[D] The very lack of a recovery period is dramatically holding back our collective ability to be resilient and successful. Research has found that there is a direct correlation between lack of recovery and increased incidence of health and safety problems. And lack of recovery—whether by disrupting sleep with thoughts of work or having continuous cognitive arousal by watching our phones—is costing our companies $62 billion a year in lost productivity.

[E] And just because work stops, it doesn’t mean we are recovering. We “stop” work sometimes at 5pm, but then we spend the night wrestling with solutions to work problems, talking about our work over dinner, and falling asleep thinking about how much work we’ll do tomorrow. In a study just released, researchers from Norway found that 7.8% of Norwegians have become workaholics(工作狂). The scientists cite a definition of “workaholism” as “being overly concerned about work, driven by an uncontrollable work motivation, and investing so much time and effort in work that it impairs other important life areas.”

[F] We believe that the number of people who fit that definition includes the majority of American workers, which prompted us to begin a study of workaholism in the U.S. Our study will use a large corporate dataset from a major medical company to examine how technology extends our working hours and thus interferes with necessary cognitive recovery, resulting in huge health care costs and turnover costs for employers.

[G] The misconception of resilience is often bred from an early age. Parents trying to teach their children resilience might celebrate a high school student staying up until 3am to finish a science fair project. What a distortion of resilience! A resilient child is a well-rested one. When an exhausted student goes to school, he risks hurting everyone on the road with his impaired driving; he doesn’t have the cognitive resources to do well on his English test; he has lower self-control with his friends; and at home, he is moody with his parents. Overwork and exhaustion are the opposite of resilience and the bad habits we acquire when we’re young only magnify when we hit the workforce.

[H] As Jim Loehr and Tony Schwartz have written, if you have too much time in the performance zone, you need more time in the recovery zone, otherwise you risk burnout. Gathering your resources to “try hard” requires burning energy in order to overcome your currently low arousal level. It also worsens exhaustion. Thus the more imbalanced we become due to overworking, the more value there is in activities that allow us to return to a state of balance. The value of a recovery period rises in proportion to the amount of work required of us.

[I] So how do we recover and build resilience? Most people assume that if you stop doing a task like answering emails or writing a paper, your brain will naturally recover, so that when you start again later in the day or the next morning, you’ll have your energy back. But surely everyone reading this has had times when you lie in bed for hours, unable to fall asleep because your brain is thinking about work. If you lie in bed for eight hours, you may have rested, but you can still feel exhausted the next day. That’s because rest and recovery are not the same thing.

[J] If you’re trying to build resilience at work, you need adequate internal and external recovery periods. As researchers Zijlstra, Cropley and Rydstedt write in their 20xx paper: “Internal recovery refers to the shorter periods of relaxation that take place within the frames of the work day or the work setting in the form of short scheduled or unscheduled breaks, by shifting attention or changing to other work tasks when the mental or physical resources required for the initial task are temporarily depleted or exhausted. External recovery refers to actions that take place outside of work—e.g. in the free time between the work days, and during weekends, holidays or vacations.” If after work you lie around on your bed and get irritated by political commentary on your phone or get stressed thinking about decisions about how to renovate your home, your brain has not received a break from high mental arousal states. Our brains need a rest as much as our bodies do.

[K] If you really want to build resilience, you can start by strategically stopping. Give yourself the resources to be tough by creating internal and external recovery periods. Amy Blankson describes how to strategically stop during the day by using technology to control overworking. She suggests downloading the Instant or Moment apps to see how many times you turn on your phone each day. You can also use apps like Offtime or Unplugged to create tech free zones by strategically scheduling automatic airplane modes. The average person turns on their phone 150 times every day. If every distraction took only 1 minute, that would account for 2.5 hours a day.

[L] In addition, you can take a cognitive break every 90 minutes to charge your batteries. Try to not have lunch at your desk, but instead spend time outside or with your friends—not talking about work. Take all of your paid time off, which not only gives you recovery periods, but raises your productivity and likelihood of promotion.

[M] As for us, we’ve started using our plane time as a work-free zone, and thus time to dip into the recovery phase. The results have been fantastic. We are usually tired already by the time we get on a plane, and the crowded space and unstable internet connection make work more challenging. Now, instead of swimming upstream, we relax, sleep, watch movies, or listen to music. And when we get off the plane, instead of being depleted, we feel recovered and ready to return to the performance zone.

36. It has been found that inadequate recovery often leads to poor health and accidents.

37. Mental relaxation is much needed, just as physical relaxation is.

38. Adequate rest not only helps one recover, but also increases one’s work efficiency.

39. The author always has a hectic time before taking a flight.

40. Recovery may not take place even if one seems to have stopped working.

41. It is advised that technology be used to prevent people from overworking.

42. Contrary to popular belief, rest does not equal recovery.

43. The author has come to see that his problem results from a misunderstanding of the meaning of resilience.

44. People’s distorted view about resilience may have developed from their upbringing.

45. People tend to think the more determined they are, the greater their success will be.

答案：

36.D

37. J

38. L

39. A

40. E

41. K

42. I

43.B

44. G

45. C

四級閱讀理解答案：詞彙理解

26. G)habitats

【語法判斷】marine是形容詞，表示“海洋的”，後面應該跟一個名詞。符合條件的名詞有experiences(經驗)、exterior(外部)、habitats(棲息地)、investment(投資)、territory(領土)、victim(受害人)。

【語意判斷】從上下文可知，暗礁是潛泳和保護海洋______的聖地，所以應該選habitats，海洋棲息地。

27. M)stripped

【語法判斷】此處謂語不完整，要填寫動詞，由was可知要使用被動語態。符合條件的動詞有depressed(使…沮喪)、stripped(剝奪、剝離)。

【語意判斷】被沉下去的A300被______了所有有可能對環境有害的東西，所以應該選stripped，被剝離了。

28. A)create

【語法判斷】此處是倒裝句，the sunken plane will後面應該跟動詞原形。符合條件的動詞有create(創作、創造)、innovate(發明)。

【語意判斷】被沉默的飛機不僅僅將會給人工暗礁的生長_____完美的骨架，所以應該選create，創造出。

29. L)stretches

【語法判斷】主句缺少謂語，主語是the plane，應該選擇動詞的第三人稱單數。符合條件的動詞有experiences(經歷)、stretches(延展到)

【語意判斷】這個飛機____總長度54米，所以應該選stretches，延展到。

30. C)eventually

【語法判斷】where引導的從句有完整的主謂賓結構，空格處應該填寫副詞。符合條件的副詞有eventually(最後，終於)、intentionally(故意地、有意地)。

【語意判斷】在這個地方，潛水者將_______能夠探索機艙和….，因爲是在飛機沉下去以後，潛水者才能夠進行探索，所以應該選eventually，最終

31. F)exterior

【語法判斷】由plane’s可知此處爲所有格，應該填一個名詞。符合條件的名詞有experiences(經驗)、exterior(外部)、investment(投資)、territory(領土)、victim(受害人)。

【語意判斷】潛水者最終可以探索機艙和飛機的_____，潛水者會探索飛機的內部和外部，所以應該選exterior，外部。

32. J)investment

【語法判斷】由that代詞可知，此處應該填寫一個名詞。符合條件的名詞有experiences(經驗)、investment(投資)、territory(領土)、victim(受害人)。

【語意判斷】他們(投資者)希望透過旅遊業看到在_____上的回報，又從前一句知道投資者在飛機上花了大量的金錢，所以應該選擇investment，投資上的回報。

33. O)victim

【語法判斷】由定冠詞the和介詞of可知，此處應該填寫一個名詞。符合條件的名詞有experiences(經驗)、territory(領土)、victim(受害者)。

【語意判斷】土耳其這個國家是幾起致命的`恐怖襲擊的______，由上文可知，土耳其的旅遊業出現了下滑的趨勢，他們受到了恐怖襲擊的影響，所以應該選victim，受害者。

34. I)intentionally

【語法判斷】sunk修飾aircraft表示被沉沒的飛機，此處可以填寫一個形容詞和sunk並列修飾aircraft，也可以是一個副詞修飾形容詞sunk。符合條件的形容詞有depressed(沮喪的)、revealing(透露真情的、有啓迪作用的);符合條件的副詞有intentionally(故意地、有意地)。

【語意判斷】A300是的______被沉沒的飛機，由上下文可知，這架飛機是被人爲地沉沒到海底地，所以此處應該選intentionally，故意被沉沒的飛機。

35. E)exploring

【語法判斷】and並聯連詞連接taking和填空部分，形式應與taking保持一致，動詞的現在分詞形式。符合條件的動詞有exploring(探索)、revealing(揭露)。

【語意判斷】經歷一場水下旅行和_______沉沒的A300內部，由語意可知，應該選擇exploring，探索內部。